{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T16:59:11Z","timestamp":1783702751556,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate meibomian gland (MG) morphology by noncontact infrared meibography in Shih Tzu dogs with or without keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen eyes of 12 Shih Tzu dogs (mean age of 10.7\u00a0years, range of 7\u201013\u00a0years) presented to Yakumo Animal Hospital or Triangle Animal Eye Clinic from 2011 to 2017 with clinical signs and a Schirmer tear test (STT) result consistent with KCS (&lt;10\u00a0mm\/min) were examined. Twenty\u2010eight eyes of 16 Shih Tzu dogs (mean age of 12.4\u00a0years, range of 8 to 15\u00a0years) with a STT &gt; 15\u00a0mm\/min served as healthy controls. Both groups of dogs underwent routine slitlamp biomicroscopy followed by noncontact infrared meibography of the upper eyelid with both desktop\u2010type and mobile\u2010type systems.<\/jats:p><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Meibography revealed morphological abnormalities of MGs in 13 eyes of 11 dogs with KCS. The abnormalities included gland shortening in 64% and gland dropout in 64% of the 14 eyes in the KCS group. Morphological changes were also observed in MGs of 16 eyes of 10 dogs in the control group. These changes included shortening in 46% and dropout in 17.8% of the 28 eyes in the control group. Dropout was significantly more common in eyes with KCS than in control eyes (<jats:italic>P\u00a0&lt;\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The frequency of MG abnormalities is increased in Shih Tzus with KCS compared with control animals. A reduced quality of the tear film associated with increased evaporation and reduced retention of tear fluid likely exacerbates the effects of a reduced tear volume in animals with aqueous deficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T03:15:34Z","timestamp":1549336534000},"page":"744-750","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Assessment of meibomian gland morphology by noncontact infrared meibography in Shih Tzu dogs with or without keratoconjunctivitis sicca"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yasunari","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yakumo Animal Hospital Yakumo\u2010cho Japan<!--Query ID=\"q3\" Text=\"AUTHOR: Please provide missing department for affiliation '1'.\"-->"},{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine Rakuno Gakuen University Ebetsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiya","family":"Maehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine Rakuno Gakuen University Ebetsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Nakade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine Rakuno Gakuen University Ebetsu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukihiro","family":"Miwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Arita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Itoh Clinic Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Iwashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Triangle Animal Eye Clinic Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine Rakuno Gakuen University Ebetsu Japan"},{"name":"Triangle Animal Eye Clinic Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31825425ef"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"1869","article-title":"Differentiation between chalazion and sebaceous carcinoma by noninvasive meibography","volume":"8","author":"Nemoto Y","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0347-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaapos.2013.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181ca3668"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12935\/jvma.67.857"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","unstructured":"MillerPE. Lacrimal system. In: Maggs DJ Miller PE Ron O eds.Slatter\u2019sFundamentalsof Veterinary Ophthalmology. 5th ed. St. Louis MO: Elsevier W. B. Saunders;2013:166\u2010167."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2006.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2008.00660.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"637","article-title":"Biomicroscopical study of meibomian glands","volume":"210","author":"Tapie R","year":"1977","journal-title":"Ann Oculistique"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-006-0397-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1994.01090160022008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"912","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Gelatt KN","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997c"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5359-5_45"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ICL.0000060998.20142.8D"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.86.12.1403"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701611"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318181ae83"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000310154"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.opx.0000171818.01353.8c"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(02)01262-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6997e"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6703101"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.opx.0000232814.39651.fa"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00262-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e31823f0977"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181da5778"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)96016-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)71688-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","first-page":"3732","article-title":"Androgen influence on the meibomian gland","volume":"41","author":"Sullivan DA","year":"2004","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2016.08.009"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvop.12645","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12645","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vop.12645","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12645","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T13:52:37Z","timestamp":1694181157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.12645"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.12645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.12645","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-12-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-02-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}