{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T17:12:18Z","timestamp":1783357938536,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,16]],"date-time":"2019-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the benefit of iris biopsy in cats with iris hyperpigmentation to differentiate melanosis from early feline diffuse iris melanoma (FDIM).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The medical records of cats with unilateral iris hyperpigmentation that had undergone iris biopsy between February 2013 and September 2016 at Willows Veterinary Centre &amp; Referral Service were reviewed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven cats with unilateral iris hyperpigmentation were included in this retrospective study. The biopsy procedure was performed under general anesthesia (n\u00a0=\u00a07) with neuromuscular blockade (n\u00a0=\u00a06) following pre\u2010operative topical miotic therapy (n\u00a0=\u00a05). One to six biopsy samples per eye were harvested from areas of hyperpigmentation. The samples were partial thickness (n\u00a0=\u00a04 eyes) and full thickness (n\u00a0=\u00a03 eyes). Complications were minor: mild intra\u2010operative hemorrhage (n\u00a0=\u00a04), fibrin clot (n\u00a0=\u00a02), corneal ulcer (n\u00a0=\u00a01), post\u2010operative ocular hypertension (n\u00a0=\u00a01), dyscoria (n\u00a0=\u00a01), and pseudopolycoria (n\u00a0=\u00a02). The first biopsy was diagnostic in six cats; a repeat biopsy was necessary in one cat. Histopathology was consistent with melanosis in five cats and with early FDIM in two cats. Screening for signs of metastatic disease (thoracic computed tomography and abdominal ultrasonography) was negative in the two cats with a preliminary diagnosis of early FDIM. Subsequent enucleation and histopathology confirmed the initial diagnosis in both cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Iris biopsy in cats with iris hyperpigmentation can be beneficial to differentiate melanosis from early FDIM and thereby help to justify the decision for early enucleation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,16]],"date-time":"2019-11-16T09:06:13Z","timestamp":1573895173000},"page":"269-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Iris biopsy to investigate feline iris hyperpigmentation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4746-4019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi J.","family":"Featherstone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ralph Veterinary Referral Centre The Globe Business Park Buckinghamshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5488-1841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma J.","family":"Scurrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CytoPath Ltd Herefordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Focus Referrals Oxfordshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Pinheiro de Lacerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Willows Veterinary Centre &amp; Referral Service West Midlands UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"286","volume-title":"Veterinary Ocular Pathology: A Comparative Review","author":"Dubielzig RR","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12344"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Morphology and prognostic indicators of anterior uveal melanomas in cats","volume":"1","author":"Duncan PE","year":"1991","journal-title":"Progr Vet Comp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588802500201"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589002700111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1995.tb02898.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00839.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.39-6-651"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Intraocular malignant melanoma in domestic cats","volume":"27","author":"Bellhorn RW","year":"1970","journal-title":"Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1969.tb04002.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Diffuse iris melanoma in cats","volume":"176","author":"Acland GM","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.1998.00006.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(83)34500-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Intraocular Tumors. 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