{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T07:36:26Z","timestamp":1785051386847,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,3]],"date-time":"2020-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008745","name":"Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008745","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The equine conjunctival microbiota has often been reported to be dominated by Gram\u2010positive species such as<jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>sp.<jats:italic>, Bacillus<\/jats:italic>sp., and<jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>sp. However, traditional culture\u2010based methods can only recover a fraction of the bacterial species present in the sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This pilot study aimed at exploring the diversity of the equine conjunctival microbiota using culture\u2010independent methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight horses were included in this study, and only eyes with normal ophthalmic examination (n\u00a0=\u00a015 eyes) were sampled.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conjunctival biopsies (culture\u2010independent) were collected, and DNA was extracted from the tissues. Bacterial communities in conjunctival biopsies were characterized by next\u2010generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. Individual reads were ascribed to operational taxonomic units (OTUs) using BLASTn and Greengenes databases. Species richness, evenness, and Good\u2019s coverage were determined for each conjunctiva\u2010associated microbial community.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Culture\u2010independent samples produced a total of 329 bacterial OTUs. The main OTUs identified in the study belonged to the Gram\u2010negative species<jats:italic>Ralstonia mannitolilytica<\/jats:italic>(88.0%),<jats:italic>Nicoletella semolina<\/jats:italic>(3.3%), and<jats:italic>Pseudomonas tolaasii<\/jats:italic>(1.5%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Contrary to previously published data based on culture\u2010dependent methods, the horse eye microbial community was dominated by Gram\u2010negative bacteria of the phylum Proteobacteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]],"date-time":"2020-02-04T01:58:55Z","timestamp":1580781535000},"page":"480-488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Characterization of the normal equine conjunctival bacterial community using culture\u2010independent 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