{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:39:40Z","timestamp":1787499580552,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate a grading scheme for conjunctival staining patterns with lissamine green ocular dye in the diagnosis of tear film deficiencies in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Client\u2010owned and research colony dogs were enrolled in a prospective study between February and October 2018 in which slit\u2010lamp biomicroscopy, Schirmer tear test (STT), tear film breakup time (TFBUT), conjunctival lissamine green staining (LGS), and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement were performed in both eyes of all dogs. Lissamine green staining of the temporal bulbar conjunctiva was graded from 0\u20103, with a higher grade corresponding to an increased stain intensity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty\u2010four dogs (107 eyes), comprising 31 males and 23 females with a mean age of 5.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.9\u00a0years (range 0.5\u201014.3), were enrolled in the study. STT was &lt;15\u00a0mm\/min in 21 eyes and \u226515\u00a0mm\/min in 86 eyes. Lissamine green staining grade for eyes with a STT of &lt;15\u00a0mm\/min (2.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.9) was significantly higher than for eyes with a STT \u226515\u00a0mm\/min (0.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.7) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). TFBUT for eyes with a STT &lt;15\u00a0mm\/min (6.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.4\u00a0seconds) was significantly shorter than for eyes with a STT\u00a0\u2265\u00a015\u00a0mm\/min (16.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.6\u00a0seconds) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). As LGS grade increased, both STT (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) and TFBUT (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001) significantly decreased.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A higher LGS grade was significantly associated with a lower STT and more rapid TFBUT in dogs. Lissamine green ocular dye can be considered as an adjunctive diagnostic test when evaluating tear film deficiency in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T05:45:29Z","timestamp":1589003129000},"page":"624-631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Conjunctival staining with lissamine green as a predictor of tear film deficiency in dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5121-1850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara M.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology Department of Clinical Sciences &amp; Advanced Medicine University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7366-505X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaine","family":"Holt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology Department of Clinical Sciences &amp; Advanced Medicine University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5228-256X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo D.","family":"Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Ophthalmology Department of Clinical Sciences &amp; Advanced Medicine University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2007.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2003.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-5359-5_40"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"912","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Giuliano EA","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"1566","article-title":"Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs","volume":"158","author":"Aguirre GD","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"683","article-title":"The causes, diagnosis, and treatment of canine keratoconjunctivitis sicca","volume":"97","author":"Carter R","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00185.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"The tear film in the dog. 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