{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T15:12:59Z","timestamp":1782227579641,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) distribution for commonly used topical antibiotics from isolates of dogs and horses with ulcerative bacterial keratitis, and to investigate changes in MIC values over time and following treatment with topical fluoroquinolones.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred thirty\u2010four client\u2010owned dogs and 20 client\u2010owned horses with bacterial ulcerative keratitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Minimum inhibitory concentration values for 14 topical antibiotics were reported for canine and equine cases of bacterial ulcerative keratitis between 2013 and 2018. Changes in MIC values over time and after treatment with topical fluoroquinolones were reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The three most common bacterial genera isolated were <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Streptococcus,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>. Together, these represented 79.4% of canine cases and 77.4% of equine cases. Overall, isolates from horses tended to have lower MIC values, as did <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> isolates from both dogs and horses, compared to other bacterial genera, especially <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. The MIC values of erythromycin and trimethoprim sulfa for <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> spp., and the MIC value of moxifloxacin for <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> significantly increased over time. Previous topical fluoroquinolone use was associated with a significant increase in the MIC value of ofloxacin in canine and equine <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> isolates and current topical fluoroquinolone use was associated with significant increases in the MIC values of ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and ofloxacin in canine <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> isolates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients previously or currently treated with topical fluoroquinolones, particularly in <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> infections, may require alternative antibiotics or additional antibiotic classes other than fluoroquinolones. Bacterial culture with MIC susceptibility testing should be highly recommended when a Staphylococcal infection is suspected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T11:50:15Z","timestamp":1593604215000},"page":"806-813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Using minimum inhibitory concentration values of common topical antibiotics to investigate emerging antibiotic resistance: A retrospective study of 134 dogs and 20 horses with ulcerative keratitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7277-1459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maggie R.","family":"Jinks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dubraska","family":"Diaz\u2010Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dixie F.","family":"Mollenkopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Preventative Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7521-7720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgina","family":"Newbold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Gemensky\u2010Metzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather L.","family":"Chandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Optometry The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.1.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12480"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2005.04061.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2003.00312.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00767.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164054530731"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.253.9.1140"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12325"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2007.00348.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2008.00579.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.18-0045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.78.2.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4638"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3933"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2007.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis189"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.9.1229"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-11246"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.1718"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals; 4th Informational Supplement","author":"CLSI","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing","author":"CLSI","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00294-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.68.6.638"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-008-0107-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"2741","article-title":"New classification and update on the quinolone antibiotics","volume":"61","author":"King DE","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001417"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2013.790978"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","first-page":"678","article-title":"Resistance to fluoroquinolones and methicillin in ophthalmic isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from companion animals","volume":"55","author":"Kang MH","year":"2014","journal-title":"Can Vet J"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvop.12801","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12801","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vop.12801","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12801","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T16:30:16Z","timestamp":1693931416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.12801"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.12801"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.12801","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-02-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}