{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:36:26Z","timestamp":1789468586695,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]],"date-time":"2020-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the clinical presentation, treatment, and clinical outcome of horses with ocular disease and evidence of systemic or ocular Lyme disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals Studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five horses met the inclusion criteria of ocular disease with evidence of <jats:italic>B\u00a0burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> present in ocular or CNS tissues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>The goal of this study was to describe the clinical presentation and progression of ocular disease when associated with ocular or CNS <jats:italic>B\u00a0burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> infection in horses. A retrospective review of medical records was performed on horses admitted for ocular disease with evidence of <jats:italic>B\u00a0burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> infection between 1998 and 2015. The diagnosis of <jats:italic>B\u00a0burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\u2010associated uveitis was based on histopathologic lesions of lymphohistiocytic and suppurative uveitis\/endophthalmitis and intralesional argyrophilic spirochetes in either ocular or CNS tissue consistent with <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>. Leptospiral uveitis was ruled out by PCR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All five horses in the current study had intraocular inflammation at the time of presentation. Medical management with anti\u2010inflammatories was successful in controlling uveitis in the two horses in which treatment of uveitis was attempted. Systemic treatment with oral tetracyclines was unsuccessful in a single case in which treatment of <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> was attempted. Four horses were euthanized due to progression of neurologic disease. The surviving horse had an enucleation performed and did not show systemic signs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infection with <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> should be considered in endemic areas as a differential for horses with ocular disease, in particular, uveitis. The prognosis for uveitis and neurologic disease associated with Lyme disease was poor in the current study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]],"date-time":"2020-08-30T19:44:52Z","timestamp":1598816692000},"page":"1014-1024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Ocular disease in horses with confirmed ocular or central nervous system <i>Borrelia<\/i> infection: Case series and review of literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2300-2677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Scherrer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Kennett Square PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly E.","family":"Knickelbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital UC Davis Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie B.","family":"Engiles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Kennett Square PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura K.","family":"Johnstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Kennett Square PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepanker","family":"Tewari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennsylvania Veterinary Laboratory Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture Harrisburg PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Bolton Center University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine Kennett Square PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2000.217.1045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.223.1261"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.37-1-68"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"BurgessEC Genchon\u2010FitzpatrickA MattisonM.Foal mortality associated with natural infection of pregnant mares with Borrelia burgdorferi (abstract). Fifth International Conference of Equine Infectious Diseases1987;217."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"1457","article-title":"Encephalitis associated with Borrelia burgdorferi infection in a horse","volume":"191","author":"Burgess EC","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985811398246"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.10.1180"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1996.tb01595.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosis of Borrelia\u2010associated uveitis in two horses","author":"Priest HL","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"1340","article-title":"Arthritis and panuveitis as manifestations of Borrelia burgdorferi infection in a Wisconsin pony","volume":"189","author":"Burgess EC","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"A new sensitive Lyme multiplex assay to confirm neuroborreliosis in horses: a case report","volume":"57","author":"Wagner B","year":"2011","journal-title":"AAEP Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14369"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"455","volume-title":"Jubb, Kennedy and Palmer\u2019s Pathology of Domestic Animals","author":"Wilcock BP"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2011.01013.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15042"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4377-0846-2.00008-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.219.795"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.7.2731-2733.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.2007.00921.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041327-199706000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80045-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.3.619"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1722-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"258","volume-title":"Veterinary Ocular Pathology E\u2010Book: A Comparative Review","author":"Richard R","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/83.5.566"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1212-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-008-9221-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638718824146"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12045"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12817","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vop.12817","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12817","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T13:53:38Z","timestamp":1693835618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.12817"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.12817"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.12817","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-02-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}