{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T08:19:17Z","timestamp":1769501957109,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007456","name":"Canine Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe measurements of in vivo structures of the visual pathway beyond the retina and optic nerve head associated with canine primary angle\u2010closure glaucoma (PACG).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective pilot study was conducted using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to obtain quantitative measures of the optic nerve, chiasm, tract, and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in dogs with and without PACG. 3\u2010Tesla DTI was performed on six affected dogs and five breed, age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched controls. DTI indices of the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tracts, and LGN were compared between normal, unilateral PACG, and bilateral PACG groups. Intra\u2010class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to assess intra\u2010observer reliability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quantitative measurements of the optic nerve, optic tract, optic chiasm, and LGN were obtained in all dogs. There was a trend for reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) associated with disease for all structures assessed. Compared to the same structure in normal dogs, FA, and radial diffusivity (RD) of the optic nerve was consistently higher in the unaffected eye in dogs with unilateral PACG. Intra\u2010observer reliability was excellent for measurements of the optic nerve (ICC: 0.92), good for measurements of the optic tract (ICC: 0.89) and acceptable for measures of the optic chiasm (ICC: 0.71) and lateral geniculate nuclei (ICC: 0.76).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diffusivity and anisotropy measures provide a quantifiable means to evaluate the visual pathway in dogs. DTI has potential to provide in vivo measures of axonal and myelin injury and transsynaptic degeneration in canine PACG.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T12:50:50Z","timestamp":1601383850000},"page":"63-74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Diffusion tensor imaging of the visual pathway in dogs with primary angle\u2010closure glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2548-2969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen L.","family":"Graham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4558-0745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippa J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica F.","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"P\u00e9rez Orrico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ralph Veterinary Referral Centre Marlow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenic J.","family":"Soligo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I\u2010Med Radiology Network Camperdown NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitchell","family":"Lawlor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia"},{"name":"Westmead Institute for Medical Research Westmead NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1050","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Plummer CE","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-199610000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2015.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2012.02773.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2011.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.18.6.067008"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"3216","article-title":"Atrophy of relay neurons in magno\u2010and parvocellular layers in the lateral geniculate nucleus in experimental glaucoma","volume":"42","author":"Y\u00fccel YH","year":"2001","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.3.378"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"1370","article-title":"Experimental glaucoma and cell size, density, and number in the primate lateral geniculate nucleus","volume":"41","author":"Weber AJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.1997.0164"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.2.843"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-15-05663.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2014.05.014"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","first-page":"975","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging of optic nerve and optic radiation in primary chronic angle\u2010closure glaucoma using 3T magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"8","author":"Zhang Q\u2010J","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-011-1887-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2522081240"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2013.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2011.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/849632"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5402\/2011\/648450"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-013-0233-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"EAVDI Yearbook 2015. Reviews in Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging","author":"Johnson PJ","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.216.3.r00se41881"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-007-0029-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-017-0102-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-013-1133-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24553"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00426"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2018.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy338"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22850-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7619"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15552"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.11.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2012.02832.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vru.12211"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.22638"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23579"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15274\/nrj-2014-10110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10609"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3118-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(96)80054-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12451"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2011.00887.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12597"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12545"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12602"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090390"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2016.04.006"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","first-page":"3718","article-title":"Morphologic analysis of retinal disease in the area centralis of RPGR\u2010ORF15 mutant dogs","volume":"48","author":"Beltran W","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12243"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-19871"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2007.00532.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12633"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12328"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12095"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2012.01005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12557"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2007.00584.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12678"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","unstructured":"El\u2010RafeiA.Diffusion Tensor Imaging Analysis of the Visual Pathway with Application to Glaucoma[PhD]. Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010Universit\u00e4t Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg (FAU). Pattern Recognition Lab Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010Universit\u00e4t Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg (FAU).2012."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.06.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.20.3.202"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Transneuronal cell degeneration in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the macaque monkey","volume":"94","author":"Matthews MR","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","first-page":"255","article-title":"Further observations on transneuronal degeneration in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the macaque monkey","volume":"98","author":"Matthews MR","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(19990901)256:1<29::AID-AR5>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.201.3.8939209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-396460-1.00025-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","volume-title":"Diffusion MRI: From Quantitative Measurement to In Vivo Neuroanatomy","author":"Johansen\u2010Berg H","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.04.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052140"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.77.4.395"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.01.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76358-x"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12824","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vop.12824","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12824","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T20:14:28Z","timestamp":1693599268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.12824"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.12824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.12824","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-06-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}