{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:40:29Z","timestamp":1790635229247,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether wetting length of Schirmer tear test (STT) strips varies by commercial manufacturer of test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals Studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten normal female beagle cross\u2010breed dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Schirmer tear test strips from four commercial manufacturers were used to assess wetting lengths in\u2010vitro when exposed to a set volume of water over 1\u00a0minute. Digital photography was used to assess the total surface area of Schirmer strips from each manufacturer. Schirmer tear test type 1 was performed on normal dogs over 1\u00a0minute with STT strips from the same four commercial manufacturers in a randomized crossover design. ANOVA was used to detect differences between strips from different manufacturers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant differences in wetting length were found between STT strips from different manufacturers in\u2010vitro (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001) and in\u2010vivo (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). STT wetting lengths for the in\u2010vitro experiments (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD) were 21.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.8\u00a0mm (Amcon Laboratories), 27.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.7\u00a0mm (Merck Animal Health), 30.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.7\u00a0mm (HUB pharmaceuticals), and 31.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.3\u00a0mm (Gulden Ophthalmics). STT wetting lengths for the experiments in live dogs (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD) were 17.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.4\u00a0mm (Amcon Laboratories), 24.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.9\u00a0mm (Merck Animal Health), 26.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.7\u00a0mm (HUB pharmaceuticals), and 24.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.9\u00a0mm (Gulden Ophthalmics). The surface area of STT strips were found to vary between different manufacturers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Schirmer tear test type 1 results in dogs are affected by choice of STT strip commercial manufacturer. It is proposed that guidelines are created for the standardization of future STT strip production.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T16:38:37Z","timestamp":1602779917000},"page":"1031-1035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Schirmer strip wetting length varies by commercial manufacturer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5671-3948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew C.","family":"Lewin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin\u2010Chi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Mironovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Miessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renee T.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"912","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Giuliano E","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01946264"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(61)91827-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2017.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199302000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2000.61.1422"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"368","article-title":"Evaluation of tear formation in the dog, using a modification of the Schirmer tear test","volume":"166","author":"Gelatt KN","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12502"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000818"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"511","article-title":"Inconsistencies in the absorptive capacities of Schirmer tear test strips","volume":"188","author":"Hawkins EC","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med A"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2005.00421.x"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12835","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vop.12835","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12835","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T13:53:43Z","timestamp":1693835623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.12835"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.12835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.12835","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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