{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T18:04:53Z","timestamp":1788199493449,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,27]],"date-time":"2020-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C3919R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C3919R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe functional and structural features of presumed cancer\u2010associated retinopathy (CAR) mimicking sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) in dogs and describe treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subjects were 17 dogs from 8 eight US states and Canada diagnosed with SARDS or immune\u2010mediated retinitis (IMR) by 12 ophthalmologists. Nine eyes from seven deceased patients were used for microarray (MA), histology, or immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dogs underwent complete ophthalmic examination, including retinal photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), chromatic pupil light reflex testing (cPLR), and electroretinography (ERG), in addition to complete systemic examination. Histology, microarray, and IHC analysis were performed in CAR retinas to evaluate histological and molecular changes in retinal tissue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>None of the patients evaluated satisfied previously established criteria for diagnosis of SARDS (flat ERG+ no red \u2013 good blue PLR), and all were diagnosed with IMR. All patients were diagnosed with a cancer: meningioma (24%), sarcoma (18%), pituitary tumor (12%), and squamous cell carcinoma (12%), other (34%). Median survival time was 6\u00a0months from diagnosis (range 1\u201036\u00a0months). Most frequent systemic abnormalities were as follows: proteinuria (78%); elevated liver enzymes (47%); and metabolic changes (PU\/PD, polyphagia \u2013 24%). Immunosuppressive therapy resulted in the reversal of blindness in 44% of treated patients, with 61% of all treated patients recovering and\/or maintaining vision. Median time for preservation of vision was 5\u00a0months (range 1\u201035\u00a0months).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Observed changes are highly suggestive of immune\u2010mediated damage in IMR\u2010CAR eyes. A relatively high percentage of patients with CAR responded positively to immunosuppressive therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,27]],"date-time":"2020-12-27T05:21:13Z","timestamp":1609046473000},"page":"125-155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Presumed cancer\u2010associated retinopathy (CAR) mimicking Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration Syndrome (SARDS) in canines"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9892-3289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinisa D.","family":"Grozdanic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University Ames IA USA"},{"name":"Animal Eye Consultants of Iowa Hiawatha IA USA"},{"name":"TL VetPath International Consultants Hiawatha IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Lazic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University Ames IA USA"},{"name":"Animal Eye Consultants of Iowa Hiawatha IA USA"},{"name":"TL VetPath International Consultants Hiawatha IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helga","family":"Kecova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University Ames IA USA"},{"name":"Animal Eye Consultants of Iowa Hiawatha IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kabhilan","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University Ames IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grazyna","family":"Adamus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Oregon Health &amp; Science University Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus H.","family":"Kuehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Roy J. and Lucille A. 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