{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:21:11Z","timestamp":1787016071621,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report onset and progression of clinical signs of a neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) presumed metastatic to the choroid in a dog.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals Studied<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 7.5\u2010year\u2010old female spayed German shepherd dog mix referred for advanced imaging and evaluation of a subretinal mass in the right eye.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Procedures performed included general physical and ophthalmic examinations; ocular, orbital, and abdominal ultrasonography; thoracic radiographs; cranial magnetic resonance imaging; serologic testing for infectious agents; analysis of hematologic as well as serum and urine biochemical parameters; echocardiography; electrocardiography; cytologic assessment of lymph nodes; and histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the enucleated globe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Examination and imaging identified a pigmented mass within and expanding the superior choroid. Following enucleation, a choroidal NEN with tumor emboli in scleral blood vessels was diagnosed by histopathologic assessment and confirmed by immunohistochemical labelling. Despite extensive and repeated diagnostic testing over many months, a putative primary site was not identified until 19\u00a0months after the initial ocular signs were noted. At that time, a heart\u2010base mass and congestive heart failure were highly suggestive of a chemodectoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This comprehensive report of a NEN presumed metastatic to the choroid in a dog suggests that ocular disease can be a very early and solitary sign of NEN in the dog.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T07:33:00Z","timestamp":1613979180000},"page":"301-307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Choroidal neuroendocrine neoplasia in a dog"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7054-3869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danica R.","family":"Lucyshyn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly E.","family":"Knickelbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Hollingsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Insight Veterinary Specialty Pathology Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9726-8879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsey D.","family":"Brust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lance C.","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhonda","family":"Burge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Willcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6537-4335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Maggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(90)50064-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12062"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12803"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/svms.2001.22810"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"302","article-title":"Secondary ocular adenocarcinoma in three dogs and a cat","volume":"160","author":"Bellhorn RW","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-2797-0.00002-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0125.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"Enucleation technique: a lateral approach","volume":"8","author":"Bellhorn RW","year":"1972","journal-title":"Anim Hosp"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2017.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1975.tb05813.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.6.841"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.1988.tb00052.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Intraocular vascular embolization of a malignant canine pheochromocytoma","volume":"2","author":"Nyska A","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet Comp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20140725-01"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.110.1.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2005.02240.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpdhp.2015.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-27994-2_20"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12875","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vop.12875","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12875","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T11:26:47Z","timestamp":1693567607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.12875"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.12875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.12875","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}