{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:28:44Z","timestamp":1762432124668,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":64,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe common bacterial organisms cultured from retrobulbar cellulitis and abscess lesions,<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>susceptibility patterns, common diagnostic techniques utilized, etiologies encountered, and prevalence of blindness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010eight dogs diagnosed with retrobulbar cellulitis or abscessation from 2007 to 2017.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>For cases of orbital cellulitis or abscess, signalment, orbital imaging, cytology, histopathology, bacterial culture and susceptibility testing, presence of vision at the initial examination and resolution, and presumed cellulitis\/abscess etiology were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most cases were medically (78.9%) versus surgically managed (18.4%). Most common form of orbital imaging was computed tomography (48.5%) followed by ocular ultrasound (18.2%). Fifteen of eighteen cultures (83.3%) showed growth of aerobic bacterial organisms, anaerobic bacterial organisms, or both. Most common aerobic bacteria were gram\u2010negative bacilli (40.0%) followed by<jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>sp. (26.7%) and \u03b1\u2010hemolytic<jats:italic>Streptococci<\/jats:italic>sp. (26.7%) but<jats:italic>Micrococcus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>spp. were also identified. Most common anaerobic bacteria were gram\u2010negative bacilli (40.0%). Antibiotics with highest susceptibility patterns included gentamicin, followed equally by amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, and imipenem. No bacteria were susceptible to cefovecin. Six cases presented with vision loss due to retrobulbar disease (15.8%). Idiopathic (50%) disease and tooth root abscessation (23.7%) were most commonly diagnosed cause of orbital disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrobulbar cellulitis\/abscess is a serious and vision\u2010threatening process, which can be effectively managed by broad\u2010spectrum antibiotics such as gentamicin or amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid, but not cefovecin. This study identified three organisms that have not been previously reported to be associated with orbital cellulitis (<jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>sp.,<jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>sp. and<jats:italic>Micrococcus<\/jats:italic>sp.).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T06:45:50Z","timestamp":1630737950000},"page":"326-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Canine Retrobulbar Cellulitis and Abscessation in the Southeastern United States: A review of case management, diagnostic imaging, bacterial isolates, and susceptibility patterns"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9878-148X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James W.","family":"Herrmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralph E.","family":"Hamor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0917-4130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caryn E.","family":"Plummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2016.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.12924"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2008.00687.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.62.1105"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"306","article-title":"Retrobulbar space\u2010occupying lesions in dogs and cats: symptoms and diagnosis","volume":"23","author":"R\u00fchli MB","year":"1995","journal-title":"Tierarztl Prax"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2000.tb03184.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.230.5.671"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00865.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12467"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2005.00411.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2007.00569.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-32-3-215"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-36-4-343"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-5882"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.239.9.1211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-31-5-397"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1993.202.12.1983","article-title":"Sialadenitis associated with periorbital disease in a dog","volume":"202","author":"Simison WG","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2003.00304.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)76637-1"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1992.200.12.1965","article-title":"Salivary mucocele associated with dirofilariasis in a dog","volume":"200","author":"Henry CJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00252-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2005.00348.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2000.00106.x"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"661","article-title":"Diagnostic ophthalmology. 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