{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T15:26:36Z","timestamp":1789745196401,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,27]],"date-time":"2021-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Report of prevalence and type of ocular disease in a captive population of nondomestic felids.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical records of 202 cats from 1993 to 2018 were reviewed. Species, age at diagnosis, sex, ocular examination abnormalities, systemic\/physical examination abnormalities, type of examination (visual, sedated, or anesthetized), ocular structures affected, other diagnostics, therapy, and resolution of ocular disease were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 202 nondomestic felids including 18 different species (bobcat, caracal, cougar, Fishing cat, Geoffroy's cat, jaguar, jungle cat, leopard, leopard cat, liger, lion, lynx, ocelot, Sand cat, Savannah cat, serval, snow leopard, and tiger) from a rescue facility were evaluated. Forty\u2010six ocular lesions were diagnosed in 33 (16.3%) cats from 8 different species (bobcat, caracal, cougar, leopard, lion, ocelot, serval, and tiger) with a mean age of 16\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.9\u00a0years at time of diagnosis. Ocular lesions included corneal disease (37%) (ulcerations, perforations, keratitis, corneal scars), cataracts (23.9%), hyphema (8.7%), lens luxation (6.5%), retinal detachment (6.5%), uveitis (4.3%), conjunctival disease (4.3%), retinal degeneration (2.1%), glaucoma (2.1%), and optic neuritis (2.1%). Therapies included medical (topical antibiotics, anti\u2010inflammatories, serum, etc.) and\/or surgical management (enucleation, intracapsular lens extraction, corneoconjunctival transposition, and corneal burr debridement).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>To the authors\u2019 knowledge, this is the first report of the prevalence of ocular disease in a population of captive nondomestic felids. It is difficult to diagnose and treat ocular disease in nondomestic cats due to challenges related to handling, diagnostics, and therapeutics in nondomestic species. Ocular disease seen in this population is similar to that found in domestic cat populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,27]],"date-time":"2021-06-27T07:31:57Z","timestamp":1624779117000},"page":"31-43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prevalence and type of ocular disease in a population of aged captive nondomestic felids"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9031-1379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laison","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BluePearl Veterinary Partners Tampa FL USA"},{"name":"BluePearl Veterinary Partners Sarasota FL USA"},{"name":"BluePearl Veterinary Partners Clearwater FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Boorstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Cat Rescue Tampa FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth R.","family":"Wynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Cat Rescue Tampa FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Welihozkiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BluePearl Veterinary Partners Sarasota FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terri","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BluePearl Veterinary Partners Clearwater FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Stine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BluePearl Veterinary Partners Clearwater FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8161-7851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tammy","family":"Miller Michau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BluePearl Veterinary Partners Tampa FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2008.01538.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1749-4877.12137"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.1995.9051116.x-i1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.11-0509"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00410-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000485"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"IUCN.The\u00a0IUCN Red List of Threatened Species."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2008-068.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-17.2.267"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985814532822"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810382089"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"342","article-title":"Diseases of captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus) in South Africa: a 20\u2010year retrospective survey","volume":"30","author":"Munson L","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-41.3.542"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2008-0008.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130573"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-8-176"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2004.12.014"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Feline lens displacement: a retrospective analysis of 345 cases","volume":"1","author":"Olivero DK","year":"1991","journal-title":"Progr Vet Comp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"1528","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Stiles J","year":"2013"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"653","article-title":"Malnutrition\u2010induced cataracts in an orphaned kitten","volume":"42","author":"Frankel DJ","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19870120"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1993.54.06.901","article-title":"Comparison of kittens fed queen's milk with those fed milk replacers","volume":"54","author":"Remillard RL","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2006.00497.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"186","article-title":"Bilateral phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in a young African lion (Panthera leo)","volume":"60","author":"Vi\u00f1as M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-006-0651-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esq040"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.20094"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"987","article-title":"Surgical correction of bilateral lens luxation in an African lion","volume":"169","author":"Bush RM","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000308807"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ovj.v7i1.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12218"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2001.00185.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.20158"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1990.196.02.342","article-title":"Comparison of serum and plasma taurine values in Bengal tigers with values in taurine\u2010sufficient and \u2010deficient domestic cats","volume":"196","author":"Pickett JP","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Feline central retinal degeneration in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)","volume":"27","author":"Ofri R","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1090.1997.tb01195.x"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Glaucoma associated with a high number of mast cells in the uveal tract of an African lion cub","volume":"191","author":"Gerding PA","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.099515"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2002.00219.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5223.1985.tb00505.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Multiple ocular coloboma (MOC) with persistent pupillary membrane in the snow leopard (Panthera uncia)","volume":"16","author":"Sch\u00e4ffer E","year":"1988","journal-title":"Tierarztl Prax"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2002.00237.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00809.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03546571"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1999.tb11220.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2012.01051.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(90)50055-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.733"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/50360"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.253.12.1623"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctsap.2004.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jfms.2001.0110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.229.9.1442"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2983425"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01310910"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.198.06.1057","article-title":"Persistent cutaneous ulcers associated with feline herpesvirus type 1 infection in a cheetah","volume":"198","author":"Junge RE","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.41-2-170"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2008.9.2.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2012-0183R.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879901100203"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","first-page":"629","article-title":"Comparison of polymerase chain reaction tests for diagnosis of feline herpesvirus, Chlamydophila felis, and Mycoplasma spp. infection in cats with ocular disease in Canada","volume":"51","author":"Sandmeyer LS","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1550"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.6.811"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2011.00912.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2001.00169.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2008.00614.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589002700105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2007.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/rvsc.1998.0300"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"The effects of anesthesia and gender on intraocular pressure in lions (Panthera leo)","volume":"29","author":"Ofri R","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2013-0202R.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/15473317-35-1-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-23.2.296"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2008.0163.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10188-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2015-0305.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2016-0225.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-015-0603-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v83i1.509"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2014.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2011.00905.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2018.10.178"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/20094891"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12913","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vop.12913","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.12913","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T19:06:56Z","timestamp":1725304016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.12913"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,27]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.12913"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.12913","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}