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Follow\u2010ups were scheduled 28\u00a0days and 6\u20137\u00a0months after treatment start. Macroscopic findings were scored for conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis, ocular discharge, corneal edema, vascularization, and pigmentation. Vascularized area was assessed by analyzing photographs using an imaging software.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The treatment response was variable. Some cases showed a marked reduction in vascularized area and edema, while other eyes had subtle signs of improvement. Vascularization score decreased from 1.5 to 1.1 and vascularized area was reduced by 48.8% after 28\u00a0days. A thinning of vessels, consolidation of areal bleedings into fine vascular networks, decrease in distal vessel branching, and a change from blurry vascularized beds into demarcated thin vessels were observed. One dog developed a SCCED 6\u00a0months after the last bevacizumab administration. Two dogs died 4 and 4.5\u00a0months after the last bevacizumab administration, aged 16 and 12\u00a0years, respectively. In all events, a causal relationship is unlikely but cannot be ruled out with certainty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that topical 0.25% bevacizumab may be an effective treatment option for corneal vascularization in dogs. Further long\u2010term placebo\u2010controlled studies with larger patient cohorts are recommended to provide scientific evidence of efficacy and to investigate dosage, safety, possible use as a single treatment, and routes of administration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T17:48:30Z","timestamp":1630950510000},"page":"554-568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Topical bevacizumab for the treatment of corneal vascularization in dogs: A case series"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0969-8065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa\u2010Marie","family":"Muellerleile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animals and Horses University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9319-2560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Bernkopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"E\u2010Learning and New Media University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8668-0400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Wambacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pharmacy University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Nell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animals and Horses University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"202","volume-title":"Veterinary Ocular Pathology: A Comparative Review","author":"Dubielzig RR","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"62","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Gelatt K","year":"2013"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"2485","article-title":"Loss and restoration of immune privilege in eyes with corneal neovascularization","volume":"37","author":"Dana M","year":"1996","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"2514","article-title":"Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in inflamed and vascularized human corneas","volume":"41","author":"Philipp W","year":"2000","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.243.5.667"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2006.00185.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2009.00750.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/178132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.06.007"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"204","article-title":"Short\u2010term topical bevacizumab in the treatment of stable corneal neovascularization","volume":"156","author":"Dastjerdi M","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200007000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.05.006"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"1501","article-title":"Affinity and potency of RTH258 (ESBA1008), a novel inhibitor of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A for the treatment of retinal disorders [ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract]","volume":"56","author":"Tietz J","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-011-9249-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"Genentech Inc.AVASTIN\u00ae (Bevacizumab)[Prescribing information] U.S. Food and Drug Administration website.https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2009\/125085s0169lbl.pdfRevised May 2009. 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