{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:32:16Z","timestamp":1790947936537,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R24EY027285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R24EY027285"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report the development of focal bullous retinal detachments (bullae) in dogs with different forms of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dogs with three distinct forms of PRA (PRA\u2010affected Whippets, German Spitzes and <jats:italic>CNGB1<\/jats:italic>\u2010mutant Papillon crosses) were examined by indirect ophthalmoscopy and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD\u2010OCT). Retinal bullae were monitored over time. One <jats:italic>CNGB1<\/jats:italic>\u2010mutant dog was treated with gene augmentation therapy. The canine <jats:italic>BEST1<\/jats:italic>\u00a0gene coding region and flanking intronic sequence was sequenced in at least one affected dog of each breed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple focal bullous retinal detachments (bullae) were identified in PRA\u2010affected dogs of all three types. They developed in 4 of 5 PRA\u2010affected Whippets, 3 of 8 PRA\u2010affected Germans Spitzes and 15 of 20 <jats:italic>CNGB1<\/jats:italic>\u2010mutant dogs. The bullae appeared prior to marked retinal degeneration and became less apparent as retinal degeneration progressed. Bullae were not seen in any heterozygous animals of any of the types of PRA. Screening of the coding region and flanking intronic regions of the canine <jats:italic>BEST1<\/jats:italic>\u00a0gene failed to reveal any associated pathogenic variants. Retinal gene augmentation therapy in one of the <jats:italic>CNGB1<\/jats:italic>\u2010mutant dogs appeared to prevent formation of bullae.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retinal bullae were identified in dogs with three distinct forms of progressive retinal atrophy. The lesions develop prior to retinal thinning. This clinical change should be monitored for in dogs with PRA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T12:29:49Z","timestamp":1635424189000},"page":"109-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Development of retinal bullae in dogs with progressive retinal atrophy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Luis Felipe L. P.","family":"Marinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1568-4527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence M.","family":"Occelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariza","family":"Bortolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Paran\u00e1  Curitiba PR Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9646-2995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paige A.","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3933-8864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiano","family":"Montiani\u2010Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Paran\u00e1  Curitiba PR Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7410-2304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon M.","family":"Petersen\u2010Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/humc.2014.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"1477","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Petersen Jones SM","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2007.00503.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"1549","article-title":"An ADAM9 mutation in canine cone\u2010rod dystrophy 3 establishes homology with human cone\u2010rod dystrophy 9","volume":"16","author":"Goldstein O","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol 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