{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:22:30Z","timestamp":1787016150710,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648425600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe bacterial isolates and associated antibiotic resistance from horses with ulcerative keratitis in Belgium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Medical records from horses with ulcerative keratitis presented to the ophthalmology service of the Veterinary teaching hospital of Liege, Belgium, between 2014 and 2021 were evaluated. Bacterial isolates were identified and VITEK\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      2 (Biom\u00e9rieux) provided antimicrobial susceptibility testing and resistance detection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two hundred eyes of 196 horses were sampled. Ninety\u2010seven eyes had a positive bacterial culture (48.5%) and 139 bacterial isolates were identified.\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (63\/139: 45.3%) and\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (33\/139: 23.7%) were the most frequent genus isolated.\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (21\/139: 15.1%) was the most frequent species isolated of which half were methicillin\u2010resistant (MRS).\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus equi<\/jats:italic>\n                      subsp.\n                      <jats:italic>zooepidemicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (19\/139: 13.7%) was the second most identified bacterial isolate. Only two\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      species were isolated (2\/139: 1.4%). The overall resistance of all bacterial isolates against chloramphenicol (12.4%) and fluoroquinolones (14.3%) was low. Resistance against tobramycin, polymyxin B, gentamicin, fusidic acid, tetracycline, and neomycin ranged from 40.8% to 58.6%. When separating the MRS from the other staphylococci, a significant difference was noted in percentage of resistance to gentamicin (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.00026) and tetracycline (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.00015). MRS were highly resistant to gentamicin (75%) and tetracycline (100%), whereas the remaining staphylococci were significantly less resistant to gentamicin (17%) and tetracycline (40.4%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n                      species has been rarely cultured, our results are roughly consistent with previous studies. Multiple drug resistance was high and resistance to first\u2010choice antibiotics in ulcerative keratitis was noted. These results warrant continued monitoring of susceptibility profile.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T03:20:20Z","timestamp":1648437620000},"page":"326-337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Equine ulcerative keratitis in Belgium: Associated bacterial isolates and in vitro antimicrobial resistance in 200 eyes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0532-1703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eline M.","family":"Vercruysse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florine P.","family":"Narinx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albane C. M.","family":"Rives","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, Veterinary Teaching Hospital University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3839-9569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aur\u00e9lie C.","family":"Sauvage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3716-2989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magda F.","family":"Grauwels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien J.","family":"Monclin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital University of Li\u00e8ge Li\u00e8ge Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1165","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Brooks DE","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2007.00546.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/0425164054530731"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"253","volume-title":"Equine Ophthalmology","author":"Brooks DE","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.tb05630.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/095777308X334266"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12827"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12801"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2003.00312.x"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.207.07.0928","article-title":"Antibacterial susceptibility patterns for microbial isolates associated with infectious keratitis in horses: 63 cases (1986\u20101994)","volume":"207","author":"Moore CP","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12701"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.2746\/095777309X400270","article-title":"Clinical features and outcomes of severe ulcerative keratitis with medical and surgical management in 41 horses (2000\u20132006)","volume":"21","author":"Lassaline ME","year":"2009","journal-title":"Equine Vet Educ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12480"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00767.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1598-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2011.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2003.00265.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.800"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00867.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00465"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2019.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2000.3230121.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680600850963"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/br.30.2.309-382.1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5216.2001.00179.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2001.62.1664"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","unstructured":"AMCRA\u2010advies.Monitoring en gebruik van antibiotica waaronder de kritisch belangrijke antibiotica bij paarden. 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