{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T07:36:25Z","timestamp":1785051385914,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the cytological analysis of conjunctiva from normal camels and camels with bacterial conjunctivitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was conducted on 7 normal camels and 15 camels affected with conjunctivitis. The affected camels had a history of conjunctivitis with signs including chemosis, blepharospasm, frequent blinking, and mild\u2010to\u2010moderate serous, mucoid, or purulent ocular discharge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacterial swabs were collected from the inferior conjunctival sac of the affected eye without topical anesthetics. Conjunctival smears were obtained from the conjunctival surface for cytological analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cellular analysis of ocular smears revealed a higher percentage of basal cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages in camels with conjunctivitis compared with normal camels. In contrast to this, smears from normal camels showed an increased percentage of superficial epithelial cells compared with affected camels. The microbiological assessment of conjunctival swabs collected from affected animals identified a bacterial growth of<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>.,<jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>sp.,<jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>sp.,<jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>.,<jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>sp.,<jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>sp.,<jats:italic>Coryne pseudotuberculosis<\/jats:italic>.,<jats:italic>Saprophytica<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Proteus vulagaris<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was observed that bacterial conjunctivitis in camels was associated with increased percentages of basal epithelial cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages compared with normal camels, while normal camels showed an increased percentage of superficial epithelial cells compared with affected camels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T12:26:13Z","timestamp":1654259173000},"page":"39-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cytological and microbiological evaluation of conjunctiva in camels with and without conjunctivitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3859-2534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Turke","family":"Shawaf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine King Faisal University Al\u2010Ahsa Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamal","family":"Hussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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