{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T15:31:43Z","timestamp":1781969503086,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess in vitro antibacterial efficacy of three cross\u2010linking (XL) protocols on bacteria associated with canine ulcerative keratitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three XL protocols: UVA 3\u00a0mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for 60\u2009min, UVA 3\u00a0mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for 30\u2009min, and UVA 30\u2009mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for 3\u00a0min with and without application of riboflavin and a riboflavin\u2010only protocol were performed in vitro on the four most common bacterial genera isolated from cases of canine ulcerative keratitis treated at Dick White Referrals, UK. Zones of bacterial growth inhibition (GIZ) associated with treatment were measured and compared.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The four most common isolates were <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> (PA) (48\/140, 34.3%), <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. (32\/140, 22.9%), <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> spp. (24\/140, 17.1%) and <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (EC) (11\/140, 7.9%). PA, EC, <jats:italic>Streptococcus canis<\/jats:italic> (SC), and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic> (SP), isolated from canine corneas, were selected for testing. EC and SC demonstrated growth inhibition following all UVA\/riboflavin protocols. PA and SP only displayed growth inhibition following the 60\u2009min UVA\/riboflavin protocol. GIZ areas for 60\u2009min UVA\/riboflavin protocols were significantly greater than 30 and 3\u00a0min UVA\/riboflavin protocols (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01) and there was no significant difference between 30 and 3\u00a0min UVA\/riboflavin protocols. In respect to GIZ areas, EC was significantly more susceptible to XL than SP (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0&lt;.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>All UVA\/riboflavin XL protocols caused growth inhibition of EC and SC in vitro. PA and SP did not show clear growth inhibition in vitro following exposure to XL protocol settings of UVA 3\u00a0mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for 30\u2009min and UVA 30\u2009mW\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> for 3\u00a0min.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T09:43:43Z","timestamp":1655459023000},"page":"134-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["In vitro susceptibility of canine corneal bacterial pathogens to three cross\u2010linking protocols"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1805-8932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas P.","family":"Large","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dick White Referrals  Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2361-5086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Mack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dick White Referrals  Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9786-3950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Villiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dick White Referrals  Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2540-2183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dick White Referrals  Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Gelatt KN","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(90)50055-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2008.00579.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2005.04061.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12325"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.1.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12740"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12662"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1997.0410"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(03)00407-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02713680490513182"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20090813-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2008.00387.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1562\/2003-12-23-ra-036.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"EUCAST.Media preparation for EUCAST disk diffusion testing and for determination of MIC values by the broth microdilution method. 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