{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T23:41:18Z","timestamp":1788824478397,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the prevalence of ocular disease in draft horses in the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>Draft horses of various breeds and ages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nondilated ophthalmic examination was performed using slit lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Intraocular pressures were measured when possible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred sixty\u2010five draft horses were examined. Age range: 10\u2009days to 33\u2009years (mean 10.8\u2009years, median 10\u2009years); 87 geldings (52.7%), 71 mares (43.0%), 7 stallions (4.2%); 64 Percherons (38.8%), 51 Belgians (30.9%), 29 Clydesdales (17.6%), 15 Shires (9%), and 6 other draft breed (3.6%). Intraocular pressure: mean 24.7\u2009mmHg OD, range 13\u201037\u2009mmHg; mean 25.0\u2009mmHg OS, range 11\u201037\u2009mmHg. Vision\u2010threatening disease was present in 9 horses (5.5%): complete cataracts 1, post\u2010traumatic optic nerve atrophy 1, uveitis and secondary glaucoma 1, retinal detachment 1, large chorioretinal scar 3, phthisis bulbi 2. Non\u2010vision\u2010threatening ocular disease was present in 56 horses (33.9%) involving one or more ocular structures: eyelid trauma\/notch defect 14 (8.5%), SCC\u2010type adnexal lesions 12 (7.3%), corneal scars 16 (9.7%), keratitis 6 (3.6%), corpora nigra cyst 15 (9.1%), incipient\/punctate cataract 50 (30.3%), vitreous degeneration 10 (6.1%), asteroid hyalosis 1, \u201cbullethole\u201d chorioretinal scars 3, RPE coloboma 1. Linear keratopathy was present in 28 horses (17%) with 2\/28 having concurrent vision threatening ocular disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ocular abnormalities, in particular minor cataracts, were relatively common in this population, but not typically vision\u2010threatening. Additionally, this survey demonstrated a greater prevalence of linear keratopathy in draft horses compared with reports in other breeds; however, it does not appear to be associated with concurrent ocular disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T14:14:43Z","timestamp":1656598483000},"page":"101-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Survey of ocular abnormalities in draft horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4911-4960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colleen K.","family":"Sheridan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathern E.","family":"Myrna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Nunnery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Equine Veterinary Vision Inc. Alexandria Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah\u00a0L.","family":"Czerwinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13116"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"252","volume-title":"Equine Ophthalmology","author":"Brooks DE","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"773","article-title":"Hereditary aniridia with secondary cataract in horses","volume":"7","author":"Ericksson K","year":"1955","journal-title":"Nord Vet Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00847.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2006.00444.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.1999.00050.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2012.00630.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101710"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"1363","article-title":"Congenital nuclear cataracts in the Morgan horse","volume":"184","author":"Beech J","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"371","article-title":"Inherited nuclear cataracts in the Morgan horse","volume":"76","author":"Beech J","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Hered"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.198.02.251","article-title":"Epidemiologic study of ocular\/adnexal squamous cell carcinoma in horses","volume":"198","author":"Dugan SJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12451"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"369","volume-title":"Equine Ophthalmology","author":"Gilger BC","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0420207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.9.1251"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2021-000723"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/112067210601600114"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.13009","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vop.13009","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.13009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,28]],"date-time":"2024-09-28T05:07:38Z","timestamp":1727500058000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.13009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.13009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.13009","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-03-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}