{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T01:39:53Z","timestamp":1782783593905,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08EY030950"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08EY030950"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006377","name":"Purdue University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006377","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This case report describes the successful correction of partial obstruction of the NL duct in a cat by means of a modified retrograde NL duct cannulation using a steerable angle\u2010tipped hydrophilic guidewire (AH guidewire) following a paranasal incision.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animal Studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 2\u2010year\u2010old neutered male American domestic shorthair cat was referred to the Purdue University Veterinary Hospital (PUVH) for chronic epiphora suspected secondary to nasolacrimal (NL) system obstruction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>At the first visit, the cat had epiphora OD and facial dermatitis but no other abnormalities on physical and ophthalmic examinations. Computed tomography (CT)\u2010dacryocystorhinography revealed partial obstruction of the NL duct secondary to stenosis near the distal root of the right maxillary third premolar (107). A digital three\u2010dimensional (3D) model of the right maxilla and NL duct was created for inspection and virtual cannulation of the NL. The model was 3D printed and cannulation of the NL duct was rehearsed with various stent materials. Retrograde NL stenting with the guidance of a steerable angle\u2010tipped hydrophilic guidewire was conducted following a paranasal incision. A urethral catheter was cannulated over the guidewire and maintained for 44\u2009days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The epiphora resolved immediately after stenting. At 21\u2009days post\u2010stenting, the cat developed acute bullous keratopathy secondary to self\u2010trauma which was treated with a third eyelid flap. On the final follow\u2010up communication with the owner at 210\u2009days post\u2010stenting, no epiphora or any other concerns were reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of successful NL stenting and resolution of epiphora in a cat with a partial NL system obstruction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T10:20:21Z","timestamp":1658485221000},"page":"161-168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Stenting of a partially obstructed nasolacrimal duct using a steerable <scp>angle\u2010tipped<\/scp> hydrophilic guidewire in a cat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3128-2760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin 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