{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T08:04:51Z","timestamp":1778659491192,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08EY028199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08EY028199"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5K08EY028199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5K08EY028199"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000098","name":"NIH Clinical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM136559"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM136559"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to define the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expression pattern of the equine ocular surface and amniotic membrane using a targeted qPCR approach and 3'Tag\u2010sequencing. It will serve as a reference for future studies of ocular surface innate immunity and amniotic membrane therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>A targeted qPCR approach was used to investigate the presence of orthologs for three of the most highly expressed beta\u2010defensins (<jats:italic>DEFB1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>DEFB4B<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>DEFB103A<\/jats:italic>) of the human ocular surface and amniotic membrane in equine corneal epithelium, conjunctiva, and amniotic membrane. 3'Tag\u2010sequencing was performed on RNA from one sample of corneal epithelium, conjunctiva, and amniotic membrane to further characterize their AMP expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Equine corneal epithelium, conjunctiva, and amniotic membrane expressed<jats:italic>DEFB1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>DEFB4B,<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>DEFB103A<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>DEFB103A<\/jats:italic>was expressed at the highest amounts in corneal epithelium, while<jats:italic>DEFB4B<\/jats:italic>was most highly expressed in conjunctiva and amniotic membrane. 3'Tag\u2010sequencing from all three tissues confirmed these findings and identified expression of five additional beta\u2010defensins, 11 alpha\u2010defensins and two cathelicidins, with the alpha\u2010defensins showing higher normalized read counts than the beta\u2010defensins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study identified AMP expression in the equine cornea and conjunctiva, suggesting that they play a key role in the protection of the equine eye, similar to the human ocular surface. We also determined that equine amniotic membrane expresses a substantial number of AMPs suggesting it could potentiate an antimicrobial effect as a corneal graft material. Future studies will focus on defining the antimicrobial activity of these AMPs and determining their role in microbial keratitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T18:35:35Z","timestamp":1670438135000},"page":"125-133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Identification of putative orthologs of clinically relevant antimicrobial peptides in the equine ocular surface and amniotic membrane"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Erin A.","family":"Hisey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California\u2010Davis Davis CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bianca C.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and 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