{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:54:30Z","timestamp":1781916870261,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this prospective study was to compare tear film quality between dogs who have previously undergone cryoepilation for distichiasis to a reference population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals Studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine dogs (17 eyes) were recruited after surgery and were compared to a reference population of 21 dogs (42 eyes).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Canine patients who had previously undergone cryoepilation for distichiasis for a minimum of 1\u00a0month prior to examination were recruited. A complete ophthalmic examination was performed by an ABVO resident (BDR), with additional tear tests, including tear film interferometry, infra\u2010red meibography, and a tear film break\u2010up time (TFBUT) performed. The tear test results were compared to a reference population obtained from client\u2010owned dogs with no history of ophthalmic complaints, a normal ophthalmic examination performed by an ABVO resident (BDR) and a Schirmer Tear Test\u20101\u2009&gt;\u200915\u2009mm\/min. Statistical analysis was performed of the results obtained.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The treated group was significantly more affected with meibomian gland dropout (MG\u2010dropout) in 11\/17 (64.7%) cases, compared to the reference population of 2\/21 (9.5%) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). The treated group had an odds ratio of 23.8 to develop MG\u2010dropout compared to the reference population (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). Tear film breakup time (TFBUT) was significantly shorter in the treatment group (5.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6\u00a0s) compared to the reference population (10.1\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u00a0s) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). In the treatment group, 12\/17 (70.5%) of treated eyes had a TFBUT\u2009&lt;\u20095\u00a0s compared to 2\/21 (9.5%) of the reference population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cryoepilation for distichaiasis appears to be a risk factor for developing MG\u2010dropout and qualitative tear film disorders post\u2010operatively in canines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T14:09:35Z","timestamp":1670508575000},"page":"168-172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An investigation into the development of qualitative tear film disorders in dogs following cryoepilation for distichiasis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2306-8054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin D.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic for Animals  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Whittaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic for Animals  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic for Animals  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Annear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic for Animals  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negar","family":"Hamzianpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic for Animals  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7272-4508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Irving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic for Animals  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2261-1016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul M. G.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic for Animals  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic for Animals  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1973.tb06486.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2011.00946.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12107"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2011.00336.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40575-015-0024-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"877","article-title":"Cryosurgical epilation for the treatment of distichiasis in the dog and the cat","volume":"20","author":"Wheeler CA","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1984.tb03378.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12565"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12748"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000148291.38076.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2001.00124.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12933"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tear film breakup time and Schirmer tear test in normal dogs: effects of age, sex, reproductive status, skull type, and nasolacrimal duct patency","volume":"00","author":"Faghihi H","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-2203-3"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.13047","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vop.13047","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.13047","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T19:35:07Z","timestamp":1692732907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.13047"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.13047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.13047","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}