{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T17:17:34Z","timestamp":1787246254093,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe normative ocular surface and aqueous tear testing data for cats of various cephalic conformation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010three healthy adult cats (11 British Shorthair, 11 Burmese, 10 Devon Rex, 10 Scottish Fold, and 11 Sphynx).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blink rate, corneal tactile sensation (CTS), and Schirmer tear test with or without topical anesthesia (STT\u20101, STT\u20102) and with nasolacrimal stimulation (NL\u2010STT1, NL\u2010STT2) were assessed. Palpebral fissure length (PFL) and skull morphology were measured, and cephalic index (CI) and craniofacial ratio (CFR) calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD test results were as follows: blink rate (5.0\u00a0\u00b1\u20092.3 blinks\/min), CTS (3.2\u00a0\u00b1\u20090.7\u00a0cm), STT\u20101 (11.2\u00a0\u00b1\u20094.3\u2009mm\/min), STT\u20102 (6.7\u00a0\u00b1\u20093.6\u2009mm\/min), NL\u2010STT1 (13.4\u00a0\u00b1\u20095.7\u2009mm\/min), NL\u2010STT2 (13.5\u00a0\u00b1\u20095.2\u2009mm\/min), and PFL (2.0\u00a0\u00b1\u20090.2\u00a0cm). Corneal sensitivity did not differ significantly among breeds (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.152) but was negatively correlated with body weight (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009\u2212.32, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.019). STT\u20101 significantly differed among breeds (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u2009.001) and was lowest in Sphynx cats (8.7\u00a0\u00b1\u20094.3\u2009mm\/min). A positive correlation was detected between STT\u20101 values at 30 and 60\u2009s (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.98; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u2009.001). The nasolacrimal reflex significantly increased STT in anesthetized and unanesthetized eyes (approximately +100% and\u2009+20%, respectively; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u2009.002). STT\u20101 tended to be higher in intact versus neutered cats (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.062). Age did not impact any test result (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2265\u2009.085).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Normative data described here serve as a baseline for future studies assessing ocular surface disease in multiple feline breeds. Unlike dogs, brachycephalic cats did not have lower CTS or STT\u20101 than non\u2010brachycephalic cats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T13:09:45Z","timestamp":1671109785000},"page":"109-118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Ocular surface physiology and aqueous tear secretion in cats of diverse cephalic conformations"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jelena","family":"Oksa\u2010Mina\u013cto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kengaraga veterinara ambulance  Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6537-4335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Maggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jekaterina","family":"Akimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kengaraga veterinara ambulance  Riga Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7126-878X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aija","family":"Ilga\u017ea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Preclinical Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies  Jelgava Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0103-0127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lionel","family":"Sebbag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine The Hebrew University of Jerusalem  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.1999.00082.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2005.00362.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.70.3.394"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2011.00916.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2055116917746786"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X18810867"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.580414"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.246.4.426"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.256.6.681"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12751"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13620-021-00183-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/coan.2020.0056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2009.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfms.2009.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2021.727-733"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2005.00421.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2019.0038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137496"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161777"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2011.00851.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","volume-title":"Correlation and Regression. Statistics at square one","author":"Campbell MJ","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12929"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104974"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"427","article-title":"A comparison of corneal sensitivity between healthy cats and cats with corneal sequestra","volume":"116","author":"Wagner F","year":"2003","journal-title":"Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.20.07.0388"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2008.00659.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2001.00189.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21716"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2005.00437.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238750"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Misra S Dykgraaf J Slater J.Neuropeptides in the tear film of patients with diabetes and obesity after bariatric surgery.2021.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-54064-7_111-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00820.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X17742528"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0195-5616(90)50071-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-2203-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2005.00403.x"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.13051","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vop.13051","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.13051","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T19:33:20Z","timestamp":1692732800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.13051"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.13051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.13051","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}