{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:07:51Z","timestamp":1747188471243,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680912000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]],"date-time":"2023-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000203","name":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["07WRCN0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["07WRCN0020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A wild Agassiz's desert tortoise, <jats:italic>Gopherus agassizii<\/jats:italic>, with bilateral eyelid reduction and plaques of tissue covering the superior surface of both corneas was examined in the field and subsequently submitted to the University of Florida for diagnostics. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), from a swab of both corneas, was positive for <jats:italic>Mycoplasma agassizii<\/jats:italic>. Two months later, the tortoise was euthanatized and necropsied. There was increased bulbar exposure associated with dermal excoriation of periocular scales in both superior and inferior palpebra resulting in an increased palpebral fissure opening. Concurrently, there was bilateral conjunctivitis of the nictitating membranes and squamous metaplasia of the bulbar conjunctiva. Using PCR, <jats:italic>Mycoplasma testudineum<\/jats:italic>, another pathogen of tortoises, was identified in both nasal cavities, and the upper respiratory tract histopathological findings were consistent with those described for <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>.\u2009<jats:italic>testudineum<\/jats:italic> in Agassiz's desert tortoises. Although eye disease has been reported in desert and gopher (<jats:italic>Gopherus polyphemus<\/jats:italic>) tortoises with mycoplasmosis, widespread loss of palpebral tissue, conjunctivitis of the nictitans, and squamous metaplasia of the bulbar conjunctiva have not been reported in tortoises.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,9]],"date-time":"2023-04-09T00:38:20Z","timestamp":1681000700000},"page":"361-366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bilateral palpebral reduction and concurrent mycoplasmosis in a wild Agassiz's desert tortoise (<i>Gopherus\u00a0agassizii<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7178-7216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elliott R.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1591-8394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin H.","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center  3621 Pinot Grigio Drive Reno Nevada USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis E.","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"12178","article-title":"Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; determination of threatened status for the Mojave population of the desert tortoise","volume":"55","author":"US. Fish and Wildlife Service","year":"1990","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-27.2.296"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-45-2-348"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.10.4580-4586.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/2011-09-256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"BerryKH AllisonL McLuckieA VaughnM MurphyR.Gopherus agassizii(Cooper 1861) Red List International Union for the Conservation of Nature.2021.https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/97246272\/3150871"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-34.3.508"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wmon.1052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-35.2.212"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00108-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2005.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-49-2-415"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.200800174"},{"volume-title":"Diseases and Pathology of Reptiles: A Color Atlas and Text. Volume 1. Infectious Diseases","year":"2021","author":"Jacobson ER","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-37.3.427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-2797-0.00007-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-72-169327-X\/50077-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.05.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-46.3.695"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1111\/vop.13089","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.13089","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.13089","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T16:29:18Z","timestamp":1692289758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.13089"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.13089"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.13089","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1463-5216"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1463-5224"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}