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In humans, residual NMB reduces the ability to protect the airway (swallow and cough) and increases the incidence of hypoxia and upper airway collapse after recovery from anesthesia. In dogs, impaired neuromuscular function of the larynx can be detected even after common indicators of neuromuscular function suggest that recovery from NMB is complete. Objective monitoring of NMB is a simple, cost\u2010effective strategy to minimize the risk of residual NMB. This review summarizes relevant aspects of monitoring and reversal of NMB, and strategies to minimize the risk of residual NMB in clinical practice of small animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T01:04:11Z","timestamp":1685408651000},"page":"88-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Neuromuscular block: Monitoring, reversal, and residual blockade in small animals"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2014-9040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Martin\u2010Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University  Ithaca New York 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