{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:07:55Z","timestamp":1747188475754,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effect of the addition of dexmedetomidine (BLD) to retrobulbar blockade with combined lignocaine and bupivacaine on nociception.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 17 eyes from 15 dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective, randomized, masked clinical comparison study. Dogs undergoing unilateral enucleation were randomly assigned into two groups; a retrobulbar administration of lignocaine and bupivacaine in a 1:2 volume ratio combined with either BLD or 0.9% saline (BLS). The total volume of the intraconal injection was calculated at 0.1\u2009mL\/cm cranial length. Intraoperative parameters were recorded: heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), end\u2010tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (EtCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) arterial blood pressure (BP), and inspired isoflurane concentration (ISOinsp). Pain scores, heart rate and RR were recorded postoperatively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dogs receiving BLD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098) had significantly lower intraoperative RR (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007), and significantly lower ISOinsp (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.037) than dogs in the BLS group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099). Postoperatively heart rate was significantly lower in the BLD group at 1\u2009min (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.025) and 1\u2009h (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022). There were no other significant differences in intraoperative or postoperative parameters, or in postoperative pain scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.354). Dogs receiving BLD had a higher rate of anesthetic events of bradycardia and hypertension (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.027). Analgesic rescue was not needed in either group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The addition of BLD to retrobulbar anesthesia did not result in a detectable difference in pain scores relative to blockade with lignocaine and bupivacaine alone. Dogs receiving retrobulbar BLD had a significantly lower intraoperative RR and isoflurane requirement and an increased incidence of intraoperative bradycardia and hypertension.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,7]],"date-time":"2023-07-07T17:50:16Z","timestamp":1688752216000},"page":"148-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of dexmedetomidine added to retrobulbar blockade with lignocaine and bupivacaine in dogs undergoing enucleation surgery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7272-4508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Irving","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic for Animals  Sydney New South Wales 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