{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:07:56Z","timestamp":1747188476447,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009944","name":"ACVO Vision for Animals Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VAF2022\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VAF2022\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009944","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011143","name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["110000\u2010182500\u2010021000\u2010CVM072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110000\u2010182500\u2010021000\u2010CVM072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011143","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate corneal sensitivity and acute side effects following application of ropivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% and lidocaine hydrochloride 2% on the healthy equine cornea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals Studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight healthy adult horses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title><jats:p>A randomized, masked, crossover study design was utilized. Baseline Semiquantitative Preclinical Ocular Toxicology (SPOT) scores and corneal touch thresholds (CTT) using a Cochet\u2010Bonnet esthesiometer were recorded and measured, respectively, for eight healthy adult horses before medication application. Commercially available eyewash was used as a negative control. Ropivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% or lidocaine hydrochloride 2% solution was sprayed on a randomly selected eye, and the contralateral eye received eyewash. CTT was measured in both eyes at 1, 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, and 75\u2009min post\u2010application. Post\u2010application SPOT scores were recorded immediately following the trial. Linear mixed model statistical analyses (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard error) were performed (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean eyewash CTT (3.41\u2009cm\u2009\u00b1\u20090.464) was significantly different from ropivacaine\u2010treated (1.44\u2009cm\u2009\u00b1\u20090.562) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.008) and lidocaine\u2010treated eyes (1.75\u2009cm\u2009\u00b1\u20090.562) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.024); CTT was not significantly different between drug groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.88). Time to maximum anesthesia was not significantly different between ropivacaine (13.25\u2009min\u2009\u00b1\u20093.353) and lidocaine (16.25\u2009min\u2009\u00b1\u20093.353) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.40). No side effects were appreciated as confirmed by SPOT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ropivacaine and lidocaine similarly decreased corneal sensitivity when applied topically without clinically evident short\u2010term ocular side effects. Lidocaine may be preferable in clinical settings due to its large, multi\u2010use vials and similar effects to ropivacaine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T09:25:03Z","timestamp":1691400303000},"page":"446-451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Topical ropivacaine hydrochloride 0.5% and lidocaine hydrochloride 2% significantly reduce corneal sensitivity without short\u2010term negative side effects in horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6487-8371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael P.","family":"Minaldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University  Mississippi State Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Fidler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University  Mississippi State Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2169-8834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline M.","family":"Betbeze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University  Mississippi State Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Wills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University  Mississippi State Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robin L.","family":"Fontenot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University  Mississippi State Mississippi USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8956-4819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary R.","family":"Telle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State University  Mississippi State Mississippi 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