{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T20:08:10Z","timestamp":1790453290674,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]],"date-time":"2023-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to describe the clinical presentation, histopathology, management, and outcome of nodular histiocytic iritis, an intraocular variant of nodular granulomatous episcleritis (NGE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective review of the medical records of five dogs with intraocular NGE\u2010type inflammation as diagnosed by histopathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four Border Collies and one crossbreed dog, aged 1.5\u20133.4\u2009years (mean age 2.38\u2009years). The clinical presentation was an extensive, raised, pale iris lesion of variable location. All cases were unilateral. The physical examination was normal. Complete blood count\/serum biochemistry (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091) and thoracic radiography (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091) were normal. Ocular ultrasound (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092) was normal apart from increased iris thickness. Enucleation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094) or excisional biopsy (iridectomy, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091) was performed because of suspected neoplasia. Following enucleation, the remaining, contralateral eye did not develop additional lesions (9\u2009days\u20133.7\u2009years follow\u2010up). There was no recurrence following sector iridectomy with 5\u2009months topical 1% prednisolone acetate (3.9\u2009years follow\u2010up). The histopathologic findings in all five cases indicated a focal histiocytic and lymphoplasmacytic anterior uveitis (iritis), similar to that seen in cases of NGE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nodular histiocytic iritis presents as unilateral iris thickening in isolation and young Collies appear to be predisposed. The histopathological findings are similar to NGE. Although the clinical presentation resembles intraocular neoplasia, an inflammatory process should be considered, which may be amenable to medical management. Definitive diagnosis may be obtained by iris sampling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]],"date-time":"2023-12-09T08:55:11Z","timestamp":1702112111000},"page":"184-190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical and pathological findings in five dogs with nodular histiocytic iritis in the United Kingdom: A case series"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6855-981X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Collier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ralph Veterinary Referral Centre  Marlow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5488-1841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Scurrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytopath Ltd.  Ledbury UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0042-4026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ralph Veterinary Referral Centre  Marlow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evdokia","family":"Kritsiligkou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Vision  Penrith UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Sands","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Vision  Penrith UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4746-4019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heidi","family":"Featherstone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Ralph Veterinary Referral Centre  Marlow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"1581","article-title":"Nodular granulomatous episclerokeratitis in dogs: 19 cases (1973\u20131985)","volume":"190","author":"Paulsen M","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2007.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2007.00528.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2007.00592.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"611","article-title":"Ophthalmic nodular fasciitis in the dog","volume":"170","author":"Gwin R","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"403","article-title":"Variant nodular granulomatous episclerokeratitis in four dogs","volume":"29","author":"Dugan S","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2003.00260.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2005.00410.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"247","article-title":"Interferon treatment of idiopathic ocular granulomatous disease of collies","volume":"4","author":"Riis R","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"Azathioprine in the management of fibrous histiocytoma in two dogs","volume":"19","author":"Latimer C","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00781.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12649"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"CebrianP KnottT.The \u201clid split\u201d transpalpebral technique for enucleation: 142 surgeries performed in 129 dogs (2015\u20132016). Presented at: Annual Scientific Meeting of the European College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Diurnal variation in intraocular pressure in normotensive and glaucomatous beagles","volume":"3","author":"Gelatt K","year":"1981","journal-title":"Glaucoma"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2000.00106.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"635","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Whitley R","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2013.04.009"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.13165","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]],"date-time":"2024-03-17T05:27:29Z","timestamp":1710653249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.13165"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.13165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.13165","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}