{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:54:16Z","timestamp":1781916856580,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]],"date-time":"2023-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of the study was to evaluate whether a twice\u2010daily instillation of 0.45% preservative\u2010free ketorolac tromethamine (FKT) or 0.4% benzalkonium chloride\u2010preserved ketorolac tromethamine (BACKT), every 12\u2009h for 30\u2009days may affect tear film parameters and the meibography in healthy dogs. Additionally, we assessed whether the same treatments irritated the ocular surface, affected goblet cell density (GCD), and the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers (OSB) in the conjunctiva of the same dogs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experimental and masked comparison study. In 11 healthy dogs baseline values of the lipid layer thickness, tear meniscus height, non\u2010invasive tear breakup time (NI\u2010TFBT), and the meibomian gland (MG) loss were assessed by OSAvet\u00ae. For each dog, one eye received 40\u2009\u03bcL of BACKT, while the other received 40\u2009\u03bcL FKT, every 12\u2009h for 30 consecutive days. Tear parameters and meibography were repeated 15, 30, and 60\u2009days post\u2010treatments. Conjunctival hyperemia and blepharospasm were monitored at the same time points. At baseline and Day 30, a conjunctival biopsy was collected for GCD and OSB determination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Conjunctival hyperemia and blepharospasm were not observed. At Day 15, the MG loss increased only in FKT\u2010treated eyes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). On Day 30, both treatment groups showed increased MG loss, shortened NI\u2010TFBT, and reduced GCD and catalase (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). At Day 30, BACKT\u2010treated eyes showed lower levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.006) and higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02). Differences between treatments were not observed for any parameter at any time point (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). 60\u2009days after treatment, OSAvet\u00ae parameters tended to return to values assessed at baseline; however, significant differences remained for MG loss (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twice\u2010daily instillation of KT, containing or not BAC, for 30\u2009consecutive days shortened NI\u2010TFBT, decreased GCD, and increased the MG loss in healthy dogs. KT should be used with caution when prescribed for long periods, particularly in patients with tear film abnormalities. However, future controlled studies using KT, BAC, and other topical NSAIDs are indicated to further support this finding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]],"date-time":"2023-12-23T05:59:01Z","timestamp":1703311141000},"page":"214-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of topical ketorolac tromethamine on tear parameters, meibography, goblet cell density, and conjunctival oxidative stress in healthy dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"D\u00e1bila Ara\u00fajo","family":"Sonego","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso  Cuiab\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8922-2886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre 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