{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T15:27:03Z","timestamp":1789745223201,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the clinical features of cats diagnosed with distichiasis and report on the outcomes following cryoepilation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals Studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifteen cats (27 eyes).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical records of domestic cats with distichiasis that underwent a double freeze\u2013thaw cycle with a \u221280\u00b0C cryoprobe applied to the palpebral conjunctiva, with hair then epilated were retrospectively studied. The patient signalment, distichiae locations, concurrent ocular diseases, recurrences, complications, and outcomes were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean (std dev) age at the time of diagnosis and treatment was 2.2\u2009years (2.8\u2009years). All (15\/15) cats were of the domestic shorthair (DSH) breed. Concurrent ocular findings at the initial examination were observed in 17\/27 (63%) eyes, with upper lateral eyelid hypoplasia the most prevalent, present in 9\/27 (33.3%) eyes. Recurrence of distichiae occurred in 8\/27 (29.6%) eyes. The clinical presentation in the instances of recurrence was judged as asymptomatic and not of a clinical concern in 3\/27 (11.1%) eyes, with a second procedure deemed necessary to alleviate symptoms in 5\/27 (18.5%) eyes. All eyes treated with a second procedure had no recurrence of distichiae or symptoms. Complications following cryoepilation occurred in 4\/27 (14.8%) eyes, with two cats developing bilateral entropion post\u2010procedure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment of distichiasis in cats utilizing cryoepilation was effective at alleviating symptoms, though some cats needed a second procedure. The development of post\u2010procedural entropion was seen occasionally.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T03:54:49Z","timestamp":1709265289000},"page":"492-496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Feline distichiasis treated with cryoepilation: A\u00a0retrospective study of 15 cats (27 eyes)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2306-8054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B. D.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic for Animals  Artarmon New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Annear","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic for Animals  Artarmon New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. A.","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic for Animals  Artarmon New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. J.","family":"Whittaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic for Animals  Artarmon New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7272-4508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. M.","family":"Irving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic for Animals  Artarmon New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2261-1016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P. M.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic for Animals  Artarmon New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Clinic for Animals  Artarmon New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1973.tb06486.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2011.00336.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"877","article-title":"Cryosurgical epilation for the treatment of distichiasis in the dog and the cat","volume":"20","author":"Wheeler CA","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2011.00932.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1984.tb03378.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12565"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"59","article-title":"The treatment of canine distichiasis by method of partial tarsal plate excision","volume":"15","author":"Bedford P","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A description of blend electrolysis for treatment of canine distichiasis: 78 cases (2012\u20132017)","volume":"28","author":"Ioannides J","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Rec"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12748"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1991.tb00531.x"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"1015","article-title":"Ocular colobomas in domestic cats","volume":"159","author":"Bellhorn R","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.13202","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T08:23:21Z","timestamp":1742199801000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.13202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.13202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.13202","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}