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All dogs underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, followed by bilateral ocular ultrasonography in two of the puppies with complete corneal opacity. One eye from an affected puppy was subjected to histopathology. A complete database of pedigrees was built, and individual inbreeding was evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The most commonly diagnosed ocular anomalies in the puppies were: various anomalies of the fundus (12\/14 eyes); microphthalmia (10\/14 eyes); sclerocornea (8\/14 eyes); and persistent pupillary membranes (7\/14 eyes). Six out of seven puppies had at least two ocular abnormalities, and only one puppy was normal. Four out of seven puppies had sclerocornea, a particular corneal opacity to date described only in Spanish Podenco dogs. No ocular abnormalities were found in the parents examined (4\/4). Analysis of the pedigrees showed that all the puppies and two parents were inbred, and the individual values of the inbreeding puppies were greater than 6.25% in two litters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inbreeding with closely related Jack Russell Terriers may result in severe congenital eye abnormalities in puppies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]],"date-time":"2024-05-03T16:45:39Z","timestamp":1714754739000},"page":"558-570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiple congenital ocular anomalies in three related litters of Jack Russell Terrier puppies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6529-3348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Barsotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Abramo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Nuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Novelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Concordio Veterinary Hospital  Lucca Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Puccinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Cecchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Slatter's Fundamentals of Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Ofri R","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"479","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Grahn BH","year":"2021"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12836"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119108603.ch3"},{"volume-title":"ECVO manual for presumed inherited eye diseases in dogs and cats","year":"2021","author":"ECVO Hereditary Disorders Committee","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"568","article-title":"Heritability of multifocal retinal dysplasia in American cocker spaniels","volume":"172","author":"MacMillan A","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"192","article-title":"Retinal dysplasia in the English springer spaniel","volume":"14","author":"Lavach DD","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.111.13.304"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"388","article-title":"Multifocal retinal dysplasia in field trial Labrador retrievers","volume":"19","author":"Nelson DL","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588302000306"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12243"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1974.tb05660.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","DOI":"10.22233\/9781910443170.16"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"18","volume-title":"The blue book (Ocular disorders presumed to be inherited in purebred dogs)","author":"ACVO Genetics Committee","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"739","article-title":"Persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis and persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHTVL\/PHPV) in ninety closely related pinschers","volume":"16","author":"Stades FC","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00414621"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Ocular dysgenesis in Australian shepherd dogs","volume":"20","author":"Bertram T","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Animal Hosp Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"767","article-title":"Diagnostic ophthalmology. 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