{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:05:52Z","timestamp":1793171152418,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assess aqueous tear production when measured with the dogs' eyelids open or closed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty healthy dogs (15 Shih Tzus, 15 Labrador retrievers) were recruited. With the order of testing randomized for each dog, two sessions (separated by 30\u2009min) of STT\u20101 testing were performed with the dogs' eyelids closed or open. Schirmer strip wetness (every 10\u2009s for 60\u2009s) and number of time(s) the strip dislodged during testing were recorded in each eye. Preferred STT\u20101 method was surveyed via a global Listserv of the veterinary ophthalmology community.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>STT\u20101 values were significantly higher in closed versus open eyes in Shih Tzus (18.6\u2009\u00b1\u20092.7\u2009mm\/min vs. 16.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5\u2009mm\/min; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002) and Labrador retrievers (21.6\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9\u2009mm\/min vs. 17.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.2\u2009mm\/min, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), findings that were also significant at times &lt;60\u2009s for either breed (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u2009.004). Schirmer strips dislodged from six dogs with open eyelids and no dogs with closed eyelids. Maximal STT\u20101 difference with closed versus\u00a0open eyelids was 13\u2009mm\/min in Labrador retrievers and 7\u2009mm\/min in Shih Tzus. Survey results from 275 veterinarians showed STT\u20101 performed with \u201cclosed eyelids\u201d (38.5%), \u201copen eyelids\u201d (26.9%), or \u201cnever paid attention, sometimes closed, sometimes open\u201d (34.6%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eyelids status (closed or open) during STT\u20101 testing had a significant impact on aqueous tear secretion in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs, highlighting the importance of consistency when repeating STT\u20101 in a canine patient. STT\u20101 differences are likely due to sustained reflex tearing throughout the test duration when the dogs' eyelids are closed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T04:33:41Z","timestamp":1713933221000},"page":"21-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Schirmer tear test\u20101 with open or closed eyelids: An evaluation in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0460-8107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oren","family":"Pe'er","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine The Hebrew University of Jerusalem  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3825-3113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ron","family":"Ofri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine The Hebrew University of Jerusalem  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0103-0127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lionel","family":"Sebbag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koret School of Veterinary Medicine The Hebrew University of Jerusalem  Rehovot Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13044"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.246.4.426"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.256.6.681"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2003.00302.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2005.00421.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12751"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12835"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2005.00437.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12797"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2022.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12462"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-017-0303-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3180950083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-27492009000100013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181ba6ef3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2022.0006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2019.0038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21716"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.13222","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T04:22:09Z","timestamp":1739420529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.13222"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.13222"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.13222","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}