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One group of four turtles received four 20\u2009\u03bcL drops of 10% phenylephrine and four 20\u2009\u03bcL drops of rocuronium bromide in the right eye. Another group of four turtles received one standard drop of proparacaine followed by four 20\u2009\u03bcL drops of 10% phenylephrine and four 20\u2009\u03bcL drops of rocuronium bromide in the right eye. Two control group turtles received four 20\u2009\u03bcL drops of saline in the right eye. The left eye was untreated in all turtles. Drops of the same type were separated by 2\u2009min while drops of different types were separated by 5\u2009min. Pupil size was recorded at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, and 360\u2009min after administration of the final drop.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment with 10% phenylephrine and rocuronium bromide resulted in pupil diameter changes from baseline that were statistically significant from zero at 60, 90, and 120\u2009min in the non\u2010proparacaine group and 90\u2009min in the proparacaine group. The time to peak effect was 90\u2009min in the proparacaine group and 75\u2009min in the non\u2010proparacaine group. Saline\u2010treated pupils in the control group decreased in diameter over the study period. Overall, the treated eyes of the proparacaine group and non\u2010proparacaine group were not different from each other, but both dilated more than the control group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rocuronium bromide and 10% phenylephrine can produce effective and safe mydriasis in eastern box turtles, but there was wide interindividual variation in effectiveness. Proparacaine did not improve the mydriatic effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]],"date-time":"2024-05-18T02:15:01Z","timestamp":1715998501000},"page":"48-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mydriasis in eastern box turtles (<i>Terrapene carolina carolina<\/i>) following topical administration of proparacaine, 10% phenylephrine, and rocuronium bromide"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4116-2909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily K.","family":"Tucker\u2010Retter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BluePearl Specialty and Emergency Pet Hospital  Cary North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2249-0904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia A.","family":"Petritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8146-068X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans D.","family":"Westermeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2003.00315.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0704"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"244","article-title":"The effects on pupil size and accommodation of sympathetic and parasympatholytic agents","volume":"25","author":"Paggiarino DA","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000265083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OPX.0000156309.19337.CD"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1976.tb00628.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00501796"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00337123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090440107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(83)90134-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091550207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-5224.2002.00231.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2007.00518.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1994.55.02.270"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1996.208.02.227"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00773.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00808.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1647\/2011-002.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1647\/2015-083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.248.1.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12856"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"351","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Regnier A","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2008.00651.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12681"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.156.24.774"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10070474"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12635"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-48253-0.00071-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","unstructured":"vanDijkPP.IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:Terrapene carolina.IUCN Red List Threat SpeciesPublished online August 1 2010. 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