{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T05:05:36Z","timestamp":1739509536749,"version":"3.37.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,16]],"date-time":"2024-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009944","name":"American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists Vision for Animals Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009944","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To establish normative data for selected ocular diagnostic tests and commensal conjunctival microflora and describe the incidence of ocular pathology in Chilean flamingos.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals Studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 41 Chilean flamingos were examined at the Blank Park Zoo in Des Moines, Iowa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 20 flamingos, blink rate was assessed undisturbed in their exhibit, then gentle manual restraint was used to assess palpebral fissure length (PFL), aqueous tear production (phenol red thread test [PRTT] in one eye, endodontic absorbent paper point tear test [EAPPTT] in the other), intraocular pressure (IOP; rebound tonometry), and fluorescein staining. Twenty\u2010one other flamingos were brought to a darkened area for neuro\u2010ophthalmic examination, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Swabs from seven flamingos were used for ocular microbiome evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results are presented as mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation (range). Flamingos comprised 23 females\/18 males, aged 11\u2009\u00b1\u20099.1 (0.7\u201340) years. Test results: blink rate, 3.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092 (1\u20139) blinks\/min; PFL, 11.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2 (9\u201314) mm; IOP, 14\u2009\u00b1\u20093.2 (10\u201322) mmHg; EAPPT, 10.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8 (9\u201314) mm\/min; PRTT, 6.8\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5 (3\u201313) mm\/15\u2009s. Dazzle reflex was positive in four birds examined. Pathologies included cataracts (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097 birds), corneal fibrosis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093), endothelial pigment (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092), uveal cysts (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091), lens luxation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091), and uveitis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091). Ocular microbiome showed high diversity of taxa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Baseline ocular parameters and incidence of ophthalmic pathology assist veterinarians with disease screening for Chilean flamingos, while the ocular microbiome showed high diversity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T01:53:24Z","timestamp":1718589204000},"page":"73-80","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ocular diagnostics, ophthalmic findings, and conjunctival microbiome in the Chilean flamingo (<i>Phoenicopterus chilensis<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6226-0225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Catherine","family":"Bowden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8048-7004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Allbaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Gall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blank Park Zoo  Des Moines Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matheus de O.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine University of Saskatchewan  Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary 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