{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T14:03:42Z","timestamp":1773237822277,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine normal ocular parameters of the MacQueen's bustard (<jats:italic>Chlamydotis macqueenii<\/jats:italic>) and describe ophthalmic lesions in a captive bred population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animals Studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>Captive breeding population of 257 Macqueen's bustards.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All birds were screened for ocular abnormalities using direct ophthalmoscopy. Abnormalities were photographed. Normative values for Schirmer tear test\u20101 (STT\u20101), applanation tonometry, aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture, fungal culture, and transcorneal ocular ultrasonography were derived from multiple cohorts of clinically normal adult birds. Five birds with ocular pathology also underwent transcorneal ultrasonography. Statistical comparisons for normative values between OD and OS, and males and females were made using a paired t\u2010test or Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, with a significance level of <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean tear production based on Schirmer tear test 1 (STT\u20101) was 10.16\u2009\u00b1\u20094.61\u2009mm\/min (3\u201321\u2009mm\/min). Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 12.42\u2009\u00b1\u20094.94\u2009mm Hg (5\u201326\u2009mm Hg). <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> species were the most isolated bacteria from the conjunctival surfaces of normal birds (85%). Significant differences were found in transcorneal ultrasonographic measurements between males and females for axial globe length (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.032), vitreous body depth (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.049) and lens thickness (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.0428). Corneal fibrosis was the most observed ocular abnormality amongst eyes with pathological changes (39%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Schirmer tear testing, tonometry and transcorneal ultrasound can easily be utilized in MacQueen's bustards and provide reproducible results. Normal parameters for these tests were determined, and common pathological ocular changes were described in this species.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T03:06:26Z","timestamp":1717815986000},"page":"574-582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characterization of ophthalmic lesions and normal ocular parameters in a flock of captive <scp>MacQueen<\/scp>'s (houbara) bustards (<i>Chlamydotis macqueenii<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8176-1695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiara M.","family":"Simonis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Unusual Pet Vets  Frankston Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Dubai Falcon Hospital  Dubai United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamish 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