{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T02:53:51Z","timestamp":1790132031017,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe a combined treatment approach for heterochromic iridocyclitis and secondary keratitis (HIK) in horses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Animal Studied<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 15 horses (16 eyes).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixteen eyes from 15 horses (mean age 14.1\u2009years, range 6\u201326\u2009years) received low\u2010dose (4\u2009mg) intravitreal preservative\u2010free gentamicin injection (IVGI) and modified Gundersen grafts with standing sedation and local anesthesia following a clinical diagnosis of HIK. Additional therapies of suprachoroidal triamcinolone (8\u2009mg) injection, episcleral bromfenac implants, and suprachoroidal cyclosporine implants were performed in individual cases. <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> titers were also reported when available.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The most frequent ophthalmic findings were pigmented keratic precipitates (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915\/16 eyes, 94%), corneal edema (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914\/16 eyes, 88%), and pigmented cells suspended in the anterior chamber (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097\/16 eyes, 44%). Postoperative treatment generally consisted of topical and systemic NSAIDs, topical antibiotics, and a topical mydriatic agent. Complications included persistent corneal edema (7\/16, 44%), corneal ulceration (6\/16, 38%), graft failure requiring revision (2\/16, 13%), stromal abscess (1\/16, 6%), surgery site infection (1\/16, 6%), and suspected retinal degeneration following IVGI (1\/16, 6%). One case was enucleated 6\u2009months after treatment (1\/16, 6%). Of the 12 eyes with at least 3\u2009months of post\u2010treatment follow\u2010up, 10 were comfortable and visual with static or improved symptoms of HIK.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This multimodal treatment approach aims to address both the anterior uveitis and endothelial decompensation frequently seen in horses with HIK. The surgery can be performed under standing sedation. Continued evaluation and long\u2010term follow\u2010up is necessary in all horses with HIK.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T05:42:47Z","timestamp":1723009367000},"page":"386-402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Low\u2010dose intravitreal injection of 4\u2009mg preservative\u2010free gentamicin and superficial lamellar keratectomy combined with modified Gundersen grafts to control chronic heterochromic iridocyclitis and secondary keratitis in horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5179-9797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren N.","family":"Charnock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California\u2010Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Richard J.","family":"McMullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"},{"name":"Equine Clinic Munich Riem  Munich 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