{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T07:23:03Z","timestamp":1787383383241,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the clinical and morphological features of a case of superficial nodular keratitis in a dog.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case Description<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A German shepherd dog previously diagnosed with chronic superficial keratitis (CSK) presented with a nonpainful, unilateral corneal nodule. After a complete ophthalmic examination, topical treatment with dexamethasone (0.1% dexamethason, WZW) was prescribed. However, the patient did not respond to this treatment; thus, a superficial keratectomy was performed. The lesion was examined histologically and immunohistochemically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The ophthalmic examination revealed a round, pink, solid nodule, approximately 0.5\u2009cm in diameter, located in the ventral, paracentral cornea. Results from the Schirmer tear test\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      , tonometry, and fluorescein staining were in the normal ranges. A small amount of mucous discharge and moderate hyperemia of the bulbar conjunctiva were present. The histological examination revealed a solid mass in the superficial corneal stroma under the corneal epithelium. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining showed that the mass was supplied with blood vessels; HE and immunohistochemistry revealed it consisted of a mixture of plasma cells (MUM\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells), B lymphocytes (CD79\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      , CD20\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells), T lymphocytes (CD3\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), and macrophages (Iba1\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells). Mitotic figures were absent. Some nuclei in inflammatory infiltrates displayed a Ki76\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      reaction. Inflammatory infiltrates were present in the superficial stroma and the corneal epithelium.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These novel results demonstrate that the features of nodular keratitis in a German shepherd dog previously diagnosed with CSK differ from the features of xanthogranulomas, nodular episcleritis, corneal granulomas, pyogranulomatous keratitis, corneal epithelial inclusion cysts, protozoal keratitis, and corneal squamous cell carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T17:46:48Z","timestamp":1741715208000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nodular Keratitis Associated With a Previous Diagnosis of Chronic Superficial Keratitis in a German Shepherd Dog: A First Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0748-7777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Zi\u00f3\u0142kowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn  Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Pa\u017adzior\u2010Czapula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn  Olsztyn Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Rawicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VetClinic  Lodz Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00858.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1979.tb07019.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2010.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/pjvs-2014-0082"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Clinical Assessment of Chronic Superficial Keratitis (\u00dcberreiter's Syndrome) in Dogs: A Retrospective Study (2012\u20132019)","volume":"70","author":"Ergin I.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Veterin\u00e1ria"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.101577"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Gelatt K. 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