{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T07:23:09Z","timestamp":1787383389121,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess if an affordable, commercially available 275\u2009nm ultraviolet C (UV\u2010C) device can inhibit fungal pathogens associated with equine keratomycosis and to establish the optimal exposure time\/dose required in\u00a0vitro.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fungal inhibition zone surface areas of isolates from two fungal genera (\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp.) were compared in triplicates after UV\u2010C exposure at distances of 10, 15, and 20\u2009mm with single or repeat doses (4\u2009h apart) of 5, 10, 15, or 30\u2009s duration after 24, 48, and 72\u2009h of incubation. Inhibition zones were microscopically assessed, and regrowth checks were performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fungal inhibition was achieved with the lowest exposures\/doses of 5\u2009s\/7.5\u2009mJ\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and 10\u2009s\/7 mJ\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      at distances of 10 and 20\u2009mm, respectively. At 10\u2009mm, the fungal inhibition zone was statistically significantly enlarged by increasing exposure\/dose from 5\u2009s to 15\u2009s\/22.5 mJ\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      for all isolates. Only\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus flavus<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed a further significant zone enlargement after a 30\u2009s\/45 mJ\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      exposure\/dose. Fungal inhibition zone sizes did not differ significantly between isolates after 15\u2009s exposure regardless of distance, but an increased distance led to a subjective increase in fungal regrowth. While inhibition zones decreased over time, no central growth was noted despite the lack of complete fungal eradication.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      For\n                      <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., an exposure\/dose of 15\u2009s at a 10\u2009mm distance\/22.5\u2009mJ\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      may optimally align antifungal efficacy with previously reported corneal safety data. Further preclinical and safety studies are required to ensure that this effect translates into clinical practice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T17:47:00Z","timestamp":1741715220000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ultraviolet C (\n                    <scp>UV<\/scp>\n                    \u2010C) Light Therapy for Equine Ulcerative Keratomycosis\u2014An In\u00a0Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3268-1301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona","family":"Hoerdemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipak K.","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8048-7004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Allbaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0091-2037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Kubai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University  Ames Iowa 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