{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T07:23:15Z","timestamp":1787383395387,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]],"date-time":"2025-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]],"date-time":"2025-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To carry out a descriptive investigation of the most relevant morphological features of the harpy eagle eye and to provide normative data for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals Studied<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010nine clinically normal harpy eagles (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Harpia harpyja<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Selected morphological ocular observations were made in live animals under physical restraint: Schirmer tear test (STT), culture of normal conjunctival flora, slit lamp biomicroscopic examination of adnexa and anterior segment, rebound tonometry, applanation tonometry, central corneal thickness (CCT), palpebral fissure length (PFL), B\u2010mode ultrasound, and ocular biometry. Eyelid histology was evaluated from previously deceased individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      STT type I 17.48\u2009\u00b1\u20095.476\u2009mm\/min; Rebound tonometry 14.00 IQR 4.00\u2009mmHg; Applanation tonometry 15.00 IQR 6.00\u2009mmHg; CCT 0.563\u2009\u00b1\u20090.041\u2009mm; PFL 26.42\u2009\u00b1\u20092.13\u2009mm; Axial globe length 29.43 IQR 0.42\u2009mm; Anterior chamber depth 5.00 IQR 0.22\u2009mm; Axial length of the lens 6.60 IQR 0.97\u2009mm; Vitreous chamber depth 16.50 IQR 0.80\u2009mm, and pecten length 8.80 IQR 1.47\u2009mm. The conjunctiva of the lower eyelid has a distinct cartilaginous plate adjacent to the conjunctival epithelium. The most frequent conjunctival bacterial isolates were\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (32.76%) followed by\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. (15.52%) and\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. (10.34%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reference data and morphologic observations obtained in this investigation might aid in the understanding and diagnosis of eye diseases in harpy eagles and improve the clinical management of ocular disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:15:26Z","timestamp":1742170526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Eye of the Largest Forest Raptor, the Harpy Eagle (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Harpia harpyja<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ): Morphologic Observations and Reference Values for Selected Ophthalmic Tests"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Andressa Lopes","family":"Grego","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Universidade Federal Do Paran\u00e1 (UFPR)  Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanderlei","family":"de Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diretoria de Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o Departamento de \u00c1reas Protegidas ITAIPU Binacional, Ref\u00fagio Biol\u00f3gico Bela Vista  Foz do Igua\u00e7u Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6090-742X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bret A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences University of Florida  Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 T.","family":"Somma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Universidade Federal Do Paran\u00e1 (UFPR)  Curitiba Brazil"},{"name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lia Do Paran\u00e1 (PUCPR). 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Concei\u00e7\u00e3o  Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago Alegre Coelho","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Universidade Federal Do Paran\u00e1 (UFPR)  Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7465-3966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Carolina Veiga","family":"Rodarte\u2010Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Ophthalmology Specialist  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5093-6841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianne Pontes","family":"Ori\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Bahia  Salvador Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3933-8864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiano","family":"Montiani\u2010Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Universidade Federal Do Paran\u00e1 (UFPR)  Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"CITES Secretariat \u201cAppendix I \u201d (2024) https:\/\/cites.org\/eng\/app\/appendices.php."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Eagles, Hawks, and Falcons of the World","author":"Brown L.","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"117","article-title":"Predation Potential in Birds of Prey From Surinam","volume":"57","author":"Voous K. 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