{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T07:23:10Z","timestamp":1787383390149,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe infracyanine green\u2010based photodynamic therapy (InfraCG\u2010PDT) and evaluate outcomes in horses with immune\u2010mediated keratitis (IMMK).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals Studied<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records from 2014 to 2020 from the Equine Clinic Munich\u2010Riem, Germany, and Auburn University Equine Ophthalmology Service identified horses diagnosed with IMMK following ophthalmic examination that had undergone InfraCG\u2010PDT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple intrastromal injections of EmunDo (InfraCG, A.R.C. Laser, Nuernberg, Germany) within an affected quadrant or the entire cornea were treated with diffuse diode laser energy (FOX A.R.C., Laser, Nuernberg, Germany, 500\u2009mW at 30s cycles) irradiation between 75\u2009J (J, quadrant) and 300\u2009J (entire cornea).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty\u2010one eyes (22 OS, 19 OD, 10 OU) from 47 horses were included (22 geldings, 20 mares, and 5 stallions) from 15 breeds aged between 4 and 29\u2009years (median 14\u2009years). Individual quadrants (28\/51 eyes, 54.9%) or the entire cornea (23\/51 eyes, 45.1%) were treated. Complications were defined as immediate: intrastromal fracture (4\/51 eyes, 7.8%), intracameral InfraCG (7\/51 eyes, 13.7%), and an epithelial blister (1\/51 eyes, 1.9%) or short term: prolonged dye retention (51\/51 eyes, 100%, with gradual reduction over a 12\u2010week period) and superficial corneal ulceration (15\/51 eyes, 29.4%). Globe threatening ulcers (3\/51 eyes, 5.9%) resolved without significant complications. IMMK remained inactive (controlled or managed with improvement in ocular lesions) in 31\/40 horses (77.5%) during follow\u2010up (mean 223.0\u2009\u00b1\u2009269.3\u2009days; range 14\u20131095\u2009days), 4\/40 horses (10.0%) required additional treatment, and 5\/40 horses (12.5%) were lost to follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>InfraCG\u2010PDT may be an effective treatment for horses with IMMK. Further studies are needed to optimize this treatment modality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T06:14:51Z","timestamp":1746425691000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Infracyanine Green\u2010Based Photodynamic Therapy for Immune\u2010Mediated Keratitis in Horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9909-1519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly P.","family":"Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University  Auburn Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Keys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaleidoscope Statistics LLC  Athens Georgia 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