{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T07:23:21Z","timestamp":1787383401483,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of local ocular adverse reactions to topical ophthalmic cidofovir administration in cats with presumptive feline herpesvirus\u20101 (FHV\u20101) keratoconjunctivitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animal Studied<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 140 cats treated with cidofovir.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective search of electronic medical records was performed for cats treated with topical ophthalmic cidofovir and examined by the Cornell University Ophthalmology Service between 2021 and 2023. Signalment, clinical findings, and diagnostic assay results were recorded for cats that developed local ocular adverse reactions attributed to cidofovir administration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the 3\u2010year study period, 140 cats were treated with topical ophthalmic 0.5% cidofovir solution, and 6 cats (4.3%) were suspected to have developed a local ocular toxic reaction to the medication. A distinct ocular toxicity clinical syndrome was observed that included persistent blepharospasm, ocular discharge, conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis, and rapidly progressive conjunctival melanosis. Repeat diagnostic evaluations for FHV\u20101 were negative in the cats, and conjunctival cytology revealed mixed eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation with epithelial cells heavily laden with pigment granules. Cats developing ocular toxicity were treated with cidofovir for a median of 32 (range: 23\u201362) days. Clinical ocular lesions resolved within approximately 3\u2009weeks after discontinuing cidofovir in all cats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although uncommon, local ocular toxicity associated with cidofovir administration can develop in cats and may clinically mimic persistent FHV\u20101 infection. Progressive conjunctival melanosis is a suspected clinical marker of local ocular cidofovir toxicity in cats. When possible, restricting the duration of cidofovir administration to \u2264\u20093\u2009weeks may be advisable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T05:52:08Z","timestamp":1752126728000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Frequency and Characterization of Local Ocular Toxicity in Cats Treated With Topical Ophthalmic Cidofovir for Presumptive Feline Herpesvirus\u20101 Infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1894-8839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric C.","family":"Ledbetter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy J.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v9110349"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12375"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000451"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.399"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2007.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-2-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.69.2.289"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-6257(79)90125-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cacc.2010.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2016.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1983.01040010066010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.11227"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.03.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.1303"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2015.0024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2024.1440187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12970"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612827666211104154928"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","first-page":"4135","article-title":"Topical HPMPC Inhibits Adenovirus Type 5 in the New Zealand Rabbit Ocular Replication Model","volume":"35","author":"Gordon Y. 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