{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T05:29:44Z","timestamp":1774848584938,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate the potential contribution of herpesvirus infection in the development of ocular surface disease in Asiatic black bears (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Ursus thibetanus<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals Studied<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight captive Asiatic black bears housed at a wildlife sanctuary were examined during routine health assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen cytobrush conjunctival samples were collected from eight subjects. A first bear was sampled in January 2024 with a pooled sample acquired from both eyes. Seven more animals underwent a full ophthalmic exam and conjunctival cytobrush sampling in February 2024. From those animals, one cytobrush sample per eye was acquired. DNA was extracted from the samples and tested for the presence of herpesviruses by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All but one animal showed evidence of active or past ocular surface disease. Nested\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      on a highly conserved region in herpesvirus genomes showed the presence of herpesvirus\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in six samples obtained from 5 individuals. Three animals tested negative.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      products from positive cases were subjected to Sanger sequencing, and results were aligned against the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCBI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      nucleotide collection. Sequences returned with over 95% similarity to Ursid gammaherpesvirus 2 (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UrHV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20102). Five of the positively tested eyes (5\/6, 83%) and two of the negatively tested eyes (2\/9, 22%) showed active ocular surface disease.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study represents the first report of ursid gammaherpesvirus identification in bears with keratoconjunctivitis. The findings indicate a potential association between UrHV\u20102 and active ocular surface disease in Asiatic black bears. Further research is warranted to clarify its role in the pathogenesis of ocular surface disease in this species.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T10:11:17Z","timestamp":1755252677000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of Ursid Gammaherpesvirus 2 in Asiatic Black Bears (\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Ursus thibetanus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ) With Keratoconjunctivitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Katharina","family":"Thieme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Ophthalmology, Centre for Veterinary Clinical Services Veterinary Hospital Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"G\u00f6lkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz\u2010Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Bear Sanctuary Ninh Binh Four Paws Viet  Ninh Binh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Corinna","family":"Eule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Ophthalmology, Centre for Veterinary Clinical Services Veterinary Hospital Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Halter\u2010G\u00f6lkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz\u2010Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Bear Sanctuary Ninh Binh Four Paws Viet  Ninh Binh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dusan","family":"Kunec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"G\u00f6ritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz\u2010Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sina","family":"Feyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Clinic Veterinary Hospital Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bich Ngoc","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bear Sanctuary Ninh Binh Four Paws Viet  Ninh Binh Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jakob","family":"Trimpert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, School of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin  Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine Kansas State University  USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"D.GarshelisandR.Steinmetz \u201cUrsus thibetanus(Errata Version Published in 2017) \u201d(2016) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. 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