{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T19:43:22Z","timestamp":1780083802709,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009751","name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009751","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08E028199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08E028199"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08EY021142"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08EY021142"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30EY12576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30EY12576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EY016134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EY016134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To retrospectively evaluate the presentation, treatment, and outcome of dogs with spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCED) and to identify risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Records of 335 dogs with SCCED at the University of California\u2010Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital were reviewed and compared with 157,362 dogs from the general population within the study period. Data retrieved included signs, diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes associated with SCCED.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Boxers (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200992, O:E\u2009=\u200912.38), Pembroke Welsh Corgis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200915, O:E\u2009=\u20095.21), Bulldogs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20097, O:E\u2009=\u20094.77), Boston Terriers (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200915, O:E\u2009=\u20093.64), French Bulldogs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200915, O:E\u2009=\u20093.04) and English Bulldogs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912, O:E\u2009=\u20093.03) were significantly overrepresented in the SCCED\u2010affected population compared to the reference population (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Dogs aged 6\u201310\u2009years and weighing 31\u201340\u2009kg were significantly overrepresented with SCCED compared to the reference population, whereas dogs aged &lt;\u20095\u2009years and weighing &lt;\u200910\u2009kg were significantly underrepresented (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0005). When Boxers were excluded, dogs 6\u201315\u2009years of age were significantly overrepresented in SCCED versus the reference population, while dogs &lt;\u20095\u2009years of age were still significantly underrepresented (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The success rate (defined as complete healing after procedure) following a single procedure was 49%, 70%, and 66% after cotton applicator debridement (CTA) alone, CTA\u2009+\u2009diamond burr debridement (DBD), and CTA\u2009+\u2009grid keratotomy (GK), respectively, and differed significantly between CTA and CTA\u2010DBD (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.02).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a large reference population, this study confirms previously suspected breed predispositions to SCCED by adjusting for common breeds across a broader hospital population. In addition, it confirms the previously known age predisposition and that CTA\u2010DBD is a more effective treatment than CTA alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T10:06:08Z","timestamp":1755252368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk Factors and Treatment Outcomes for Canine Spontaneous Chronic Corneal Epithelial Defects (\n                    <scp>SCCED<\/scp>\n                    ): 335 Cases Within a Reference Population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Rachel B.","family":"Bromberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California\u2010Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Roszak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7132-2491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Ripolles\u2010Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel V.","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0672-9594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Blandino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics University of California Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2080-8480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian C.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis  Davis California USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology &amp; Vision Science, School of Medicine University of California\u2010Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8991-9990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca C.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0977-0936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Good","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soohyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara M.","family":"Thomasy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis  Davis California USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology &amp; Vision Science, School of Medicine University of California\u2010Davis  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S157430"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/0410158"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12772"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"2252","article-title":"Spontaneous Chronic Corneal Epithelial Defects (SCCED) in Dogs: Clinical Features, Innervation, and Effect of Topical SP, With or Without IGF\u20101","volume":"42","author":"Murphy C. 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