{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T15:31:40Z","timestamp":1781969500549,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009227","name":"Iowa State University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VCS SG2701210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VCS SG2701210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate the antimicrobial effect of 275\u2009nm wavelength ultraviolet C (UV\u2010C) light on\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      using an affordable, broadly available modified handheld device and to determine if photoreactivation plays a role in bacterial resistance to UV\u2010C.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      UV\u2010C therapy (UVCT) was evaluated in\u00a0vitro using triplicates of 3\u2009\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      isolates from clinical cases. The UVCT was performed at a distance of 10, 15, and 20\u2009mm with 1 or 2 doses (4\u2009h apart) for 5, 15, or 30\u2009s (s); the photoreactivation plates were exposed to 12\u2009h of light at different times (T):\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      after the treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vitro results showed all plates treated with UVCT had a 100% bactericidal effect for all the isolates with a single dose of 15\u2009s at a 10\u2009mm distance. At 15 and 20\u2009mm of distance, 2 doses, 4\u2009h apart, were needed for the same effect, or a single dose of 30\u2009s, which had an 88.8% bactericidal effect. No bacterial regrowth was noticed macroscopically after exposure of the treated plates to artificial light at any time point.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The therapeutic potential for killing\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>M. bovis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was confirmed in\u00a0vitro for all tested isolates using a single exposure of 15\u2009s. UVCT can reduce the need for antibiotics, thereby shortening withdrawal periods for animal\u2010derived food products, having a major impact on the cattle industry. Photoreactivation might not play a role in bacterial resistance to UV\u2010C. While safety studies are underway, clinical trials are warranted.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T06:38:02Z","timestamp":1759732682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antimicrobial Activity of Ultraviolet C Light as a Potential Novel Treatment for\n                    <i>Moraxella bovis<\/i>\n                    Infection\u2014An In\u00a0Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6765-5800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bactelius","family":"Turicea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3748-3395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dipak K.","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Allbaugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chloe C.","family":"Stinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0091-2037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Kubai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University  Ames Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"499","article-title":"Keratitis Contagiosa in Cattle","volume":"28","author":"Billings F. 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