{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:02:55Z","timestamp":1790640175678,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the antibacterial activity of manuka honey against bacterial isolates commonly associated with infected corneal ulcerations in horses,\u00a0and to investigate possible combined effects of manuka honey and commonly prescribed topical antibiotics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , including three methicillin\u2010resistant (MRSA), two methicillin\u2010resistant coagulase\u2010negative staphylococci (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>S. sciuri<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>S. haemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), and two\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Streptococcus equi<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      subspecies\n                      <jats:italic>zooepidemicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from horses with stromal ulcerative keratitis were selected. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of manuka honey were determined with microdilution assays and spectrophotometric analyses. Potential combined antibacterial effects were explored by assessing bacterial growth inhibition using disk diffusion and E\u2010tests, both with and without a sub\u2010inhibitory concentration of manuka honey. Tested antibiotics included chloramphenicol, tetracycline, gentamicin, ofloxacin, tobramycin, cloxacillin, and fusidic acid.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The spectrophotometric MIC of manuka honey was 12% (w\/v) for all tested isolates. MBC values ranged between 20% (w\/v) and 28% (w\/v) for all isolates, except\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>S. sciuri<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Combining 5% (w\/v) manuka honey with tetracycline, chloramphenicol, or fusidic acid enhanced the antibacterial effect against\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. (including methicillin\u2010resistant isolates). The antibacterial effect of ofloxacin against\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and streptococci and of cloxacillin against\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      appeared slightly reduced when combined with 5% manuka honey. No consistent difference was observed when manuka honey was combined with gentamicin or tobramycin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Manuka honey has in\u00a0vitro inhibitory and bactericidal activity against equine corneal surface pathogens including multi\u2010resistant isolates. Further studies are required to assess potential synergistic and antagonistic effects of manuka honey in combination with antibiotics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T06:08:21Z","timestamp":1763014101000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["In Vitro Activity of Manuka Honey, Either Alone or in Combination With Topical Antibiotics, Against Bacteria Commonly Found in Equine Ulcerative Keratitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3948-6390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Barvelink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Brok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. C.","family":"Djajadiningrat\u2010Laanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Surgery of Companion Animals, Veterinary Ophthalmology Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. C. M.","family":"Vernooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences, Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. M.","family":"Broens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Veterinary Microbiological Diagnostic Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. J. 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