{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:45:31Z","timestamp":1790286331816,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the ocular morphological characteristics and establish clinical and ophthalmic reference standards for Nile tilapia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals Studied<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fresh carcasses were used for diaphanization, optical and electron microscopy, and computed tomography analyses. For clinical and ultrasonographic evaluations, 75 adult Nile tilapias of undetermined sex were examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Procedure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Standard diaphanization, optical and electron microscopy, and computed tomography techniques were applied to fresh carcasses of Nile tilapia. Live fish were chemically restrained using propofol. Ophthalmic evaluations included slit\u2010lamp biomicroscopy, direct ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein staining, and rebound tonometry for intraocular pressure measurement. Ocular ultrasonographic measurements were obtained from both eyes of three individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The diaphanization technique revealed a scleral ring composed of two cartilaginous ossicles (dorsal and ventral) connected by two bony ossicles (rostral and caudal). Microscopic analysis identified the fibrous tunic (comprising the cornea and sclera), the vascular tunic (including the iris and choroid), and the nervous tunic (represented by the retina). Clinical evaluation of Nile tilapia showed no ocular lesions, with a mean intraocular pressure of 7.74\u2009mmHg. Ultrasonography effectively assessed intraocular and retrobulbar structures, while computed tomography enabled visualization and measurement of the eyeballs, lens, and vitreous chamber in sagittal, axial, and coronal planes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ocular structures of Nile tilapia, including the cornea, lens, retina, and iris, are similar to those observed in other teleost species. Clinical evaluation methods, such as ultrasonography, slit\u2010lamp biomicroscopy, and rebound tonometry appear to be reliable diagnostic methods in fish ophthalmology. The data presented in this study are novel for Nile tilapia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T05:22:07Z","timestamp":1765257727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ocular Morphology and Clinical Ophthalmic Parameters of Nile Tilapia\n                    <i>Oreochromis niloticus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Dandara Franco Ferreira","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis Institute of Biological Sciences Universidade de Bras\u00edlia  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc\u00e9lia Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Morphology and Ontogeny Institute of Biological Sciences Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s  Goi\u00e2nia Goi\u00e1s Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4173-9920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Vale de Azevedo","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Morphology and Ontogeny Institute of Biological Sciences Universidade Federal de Goi\u00e1s  Goi\u00e2nia Goi\u00e1s Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9873-3098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia Nair","family":"B\u00e1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis Institute of Biological Sciences Universidade de Bras\u00edlia  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid Gracielle Martins","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis Institute of Biological Sciences Universidade de Bras\u00edlia  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Diana","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis Institute of Biological Sciences Universidade de Bras\u00edlia  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8253-473X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clarissa Machado","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis Institute of Biological Sciences Universidade de Bras\u00edlia  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula Diniz","family":"Galera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis Institute of Biological Sciences Universidade de Bras\u00edlia  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Henrique Viana","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis Institute of Biological Sciences Universidade de Bras\u00edlia  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weslley de Souza","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Self\u2010employed Veterinarian  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ros\u00e9lia de Lima Sousa","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis Institute of Biological Sciences Universidade de Bras\u00edlia  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giane Regina","family":"Paludo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis Institute of Biological Sciences Universidade de Bras\u00edlia  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liria Queiroz Luz","family":"Hirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis Institute of Biological Sciences Universidade de Bras\u00edlia  Bras\u00edlia Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3723"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1094-9194(02)00006-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12539"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199811)252:3<453::AID-AR13>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12816\/0038179"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","unstructured":"ABINPET. Brazilian Association of Pet Products \u201c2023 Market Data \u201d(S\u00e3o Paulo: ABINPET 2023) https:\/\/abinpet.org.br\/wpcontent\/uploads\/2023\/03\/abinpet_folder_dados_mercado_2023_draft1_incompleto_web.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2005.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2007.00538.x"},{"issue":"15","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"1973","article-title":"Non\u2010Invasive Intraocular Pressure Measurements in Zebrafish","volume":"54","author":"Cameron D. J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2018-0146"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31797\/vetbio.905317"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2007.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12364"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2005.11.012"},{"issue":"1309","key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"MS\u2010222 and Propofol Sedation During and After the Simulated Transport of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"10","author":"F\u00e9lix L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Clearing and Staining Skeleton of Small Vertebrates","volume":"4","author":"Davis D. D.","year":"1936","journal-title":"Fiel Museum of Natural History"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Differential Staining of Bone and Cartilage in Cleared and Stained Fish Using Alcian Blue to Stain Cartilage and Enzymes for Clearing Fish","volume":"52","author":"Dingenkus G.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Stain Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109400"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Manual de t\u00e9cnica histol\u00f3gica de rotina e de colora\u00e7\u00f5es","author":"Santos K. R. P.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.1997.tb04868.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobaz.2015.12.001"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","first-page":"315","article-title":"Predi\u00e7\u00e3o do rendimento e do peso do fil\u00e9 de til\u00e1pia do Nilo","volume":"33","author":"Pires A. V.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","first-page":"416","volume-title":"How to Interpret a Correlation Coefficient r. Statistics","author":"Rumsey D. J.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24043"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.20639"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfb.14996"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.13727"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"A Histological Study of the Outer Layer of Rabbit Fish (Siganus javus) Eye","volume":"23","author":"Mansoori F. S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comparative Clinical Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23674"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.24067"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Eye of Siganus luridus (R\u00fcppell, 1828)","volume":"11","author":"Derbalah A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-71302-7_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.23.11.117001"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The Effects of Zeaxanthin on Adult Zebrafish Vision in Both Normal and Glaucoma Fish","volume":"59","author":"Pham J. T.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103158"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17080\/1676-5664\/btcc.v6n1p79-87"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","unstructured":"S.Paula \u201cCaracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o do desenvolvimento larval do pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus(Holmberg 1887): morfometria e crescimento isom\u00e9trico \u201d(Disserta\u00e7\u00e3o (mestrado) \u2013 Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paran\u00e1 Cascavel2012) 45."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","unstructured":"L. P. S.Petroski R. C. B.Albinati A.Lira J.Carvalho andS.Medeiros \u201cAn\u00e1lise morfom\u00e9trica do desenvolvimento inicial de guppy (Poecilia reticulata) e tilapia\u2010do\u2010Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) \u201dIn: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE MEDICINA VETERIN\u00c1RIA 40 2013 Salvador. Anais\u2026 (Salvador: Sociedade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria da Bahia 2013) 48."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps11476"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2013-0108R1.1"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Radiological Characterization of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Fat by X\u2010Ray Micro\u2010Computed Tomography","volume":"10","author":"Francisco D. C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34848-z"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.70115","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vop.70115","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.70115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T04:04:43Z","timestamp":1774843483000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.70115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.70115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.70115","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70115"}}