{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T05:24:03Z","timestamp":1774848243949,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To describe the diagnosis and treatment of a\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>M. avium<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) infection in a cat following subdermal hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animal Studied<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A five\u2010year\u2010old spayed female domestic shorthair cat with chronic inferior lateral entropion and chronic feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Left inferior eyelid swelling and ipsilateral mandibular lymphadenomegaly developed approximately 2\u2009weeks following subdermal HA injection OU. Culture of a fine needle aspirate (FNA) from the affected lymph node confirmed a\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      subsp.\n                      <jats:italic>hominissuis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection resistant to most conventional antibiotics including fluoroquinolones and rifampin. Clinical response to sustained clarithromycin was poor and antitubercular isoniazid was poorly tolerated. As adjunctive therapy, two sequential intralesional injections with amikacin (12.5\u2009mg\/kg total dose per treatment) were performed into the affected eyelid and lymph node. Clinical reductions in eyelid swelling and lymphadenomegaly were observed thereafter. Approximately 4\u2009months after diagnosis, mycobacterial PCR from an FNA of the affected lymph node was negative. Antibiotic therapy was completed approximately 6\u2009months following diagnosis. No clinical signs of infection recurrence were present at the time of writing approximately 18\u2009months following completion of antibiotic therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections are a known and documented complication of subdermal filler injections in human patients. This is the first described case of NTM infection associated with HA injection in a cat. Treatment success with conventional oral antibiotics may be limited, necessitating extended therapeutic courses and alternative drug delivery routes like intralesional injection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T11:53:36Z","timestamp":1764590016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Mycobacterium avium<\/i>\n                    Infection in a Domestic Shorthair Cat Following Subdermal Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0921-2498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra E.","family":"Bergen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Wisconsin Madison USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Callie","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Wisconsin Madison USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3523-9439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. 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