{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T05:24:14Z","timestamp":1774848254061,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine whether dexmedetomidine prolongs corneal anesthesia following subconjunctival ropivacaine injection in healthy equine eyes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ten horses with normal ophthalmic exams were enrolled in a randomized, blinded, crossover experiment with a minimum 4\u2010week washout between treatments. Baseline corneal touch thresholds (CTT, cm) were measured via esthesiometry and a subconjunctival injection was performed in the treatment eye with ropivacaine (R, 0.3\u2009mL 0.5%) or dexmedetomidine\u2010ropivacaine (DR, 0.1\u2009mL 0.5\u2009mg\/mL\u2009+\u20090.2\u2009mL 0.5%) and saline (control, 0.3\u2009mL) in the contralateral eye. CTT was measured every 10\u2009min up to 120\u2009min, every 30\u2009min up to 360\u2009min, and every 60\u2009min thereafter until return to baseline. Ambient humidity was concurrently recorded. Subconjunctival hemorrhage was scored 0, 2, and 7\u2009days after injection. CTT values were converted to corneal pressure tolerance (CPT, g\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) using humidity\u2010adjusted exponential regression. Data were compared between treatments using mixed model analysis (significance\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation total anesthesia time was significantly longer with DR (196\u2009\u00b1\u2009121 vs. 103\u2009\u00b1\u200947\u2009min R,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). Evidence of significant differences between treatments was not seen for minimum CTT, duration of minimum CTT, maximal CPT, or hemorrhage scores. However, time to minimum CTT was longer for DR (32\u2009\u00b1\u200912 vs. 16\u2009\u00b1\u200910\u2009min R,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Subconjunctival hemorrhage resolved within 7\u2009days of injection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dexmedetomidine prolongs corneal anesthesia from subconjunctival ropivacaine in horses but delays the onset. Further studies are needed to assess efficacy in diseased eyes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T11:48:26Z","timestamp":1764589706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dexmedetomidine Prolongs the Duration of Ropivacaine Corneal Anesthesia After Subconjunctival Injection in Healthy Horses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0413-1860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sera","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel C.","family":"Hector","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ann M.","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2308-5214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Wotman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University  Fort Collins Colorado 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Comprehensive Review and Update of the Use of Dexmedetomidine for Regional Blocks","volume":"50","author":"Urits I.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2011.02426.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-8478cr20160995"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12494"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2010.06.015"}],"container-title":["Veterinary 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