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This has led to the development of new therapies. Like human medicine, veterinary medicine is adopting cellular and gene therapy as innovative approaches. Equine ocular disease is a particularly promising area for these techniques. Notably, immune\u2010mediated diseases (such as immune\u2010mediated keratitis and equine recurrent uveitis), ulcerative keratitis, and infectious ocular diseases are of interest. Several ocular gene therapy products are approved for use in humans, and more are currently being researched in veterinary medicine. In veterinary practice, cell therapy mainly involves multipotent stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), which are also widely studied in human medicine. This review aims to summarize the status of cell and gene therapy in equine ocular disease and provide background on the principles behind these treatments, as well as insights from human medicine. Although many in\u00a0vitro studies and case series exist, a significant research gap remains. Despite growing clinical use, there are limited controlled in\u00a0vivo studies assessing their safety, routes of administration, or effectiveness.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T10:33:11Z","timestamp":1770028391000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cell and Gene Therapy in Equine Ocular Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8238-5455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly A. 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