{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T05:27:48Z","timestamp":1774848468731,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the seasonal (summer and winter) and sex\u2010related variations in intraocular pressure (IOP) and tear production among Sak\u0131z, \u00c7ine \u00c7apar\u0131, and Karya sheep reared under similar environmental conditions in the same region.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 180 healthy sheep (30 males and 30 females per breed; Sak\u0131z, \u00c7ine \u00c7apar\u0131, Karya), ~2\u2009years old, were examined. Schirmer tear test (STT\u2010I) and IOP were measured in June (summer; 30\u00b0C) and January (winter; 10\u00b0C). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 with parametric or non\u2010parametric tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      STT\u2010I values were higher in summer across all breeds (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Across breeds, Sak\u0131z consistently showed greater STT\u2010I than \u00c7ine \u00c7apar\u0131 and Karya in both summer and winter. Within\u2010breed seasonal shifts were pronounced for STT\u2010I but small for IOP. Sex effects were generally absent, except in Sak\u0131z during winter, where females had higher STT\u2010I (17.64\u2009\u00b1\u20093.98 vs. 15.61\u2009\u00b1\u20093.51\u2009mm\/min) and IOP (18.78\u2009\u00b1\u20094.03 vs. 16.87\u2009\u00b1\u20092.74\u2009mmHg) than males (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). IOP remained stable in most breeds and seasons, and significant differences were confined to specific subgroups, including winter increases in Sak\u0131z and Karya females, with interbreed IOP variations limited to particular cases such as higher summer values in Karya males.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seasonal variation significantly affects tear production, whereas intraocular pressure remains largely stable, with minor sex\u2010related differences observed in some breeds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T09:37:29Z","timestamp":1773394649000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Investigation of Seasonal (Summer and Winter) and Sex\u2010Related Differences in Tear Production and Intraocular Pressure in Sak\u0131z, \u00c7ine \u00c7apar\u0131, and Karya Sheep"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5784-6291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eser","family":"\u00c7akmak\u00e7i","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University  T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4201-2419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"G\u00fcrsel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University  T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3346-6926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Belge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery Ayd\u0131n Adnan Menderes University  T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Gelatt K. N.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463\u20105224.2005.00437.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.18\u20100481"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463\u20105224.2003.00302.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Slatter D.","year":"2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","first-page":"278","article-title":"Evaluation of Tear Fluid Secretion and Intraocular Pressure in Normal Merinos Sheep and Saanen Goats","volume":"164","author":"\u0130\u015fler C. T.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Revue de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12165"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463\u20105224.2008.00647.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463\u20105224.2012.01069.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2019.054"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Seasonal Variations of Intraocular Pressure in Normal Sapsaree Dogs","volume":"30","author":"Chae J. J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Clinics"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463\u20105224.2011.00960.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","article-title":"Evaluation of Normal Tear Volume and Intraocular Pressure in Saanen Goats at Different Periods","volume":"5","author":"Orhan A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Veterinary and Animal Research (IJVAR)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70063"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","volume-title":"Determination and Comparison of Retinal Variations in Suffolk and Karya Sheep Breeds by Funduscopic Examination (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation)","author":"G\u00fcrsel A.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/vet\u20101702\u201031"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2010.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5380\/avs.v1i1.77164"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10060392"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","first-page":"78","article-title":"Determination of Tear Volume and Intraocular Pressure in Saanen Goat and Sak\u0131z Sheep in Similar Environmental Conditions","volume":"4","author":"Kibar Kurt B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Veterinary and Animal Research (IJVAR)"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Schirmer Tear Test in Different Rabbit Breeds","volume":"15","author":"Ko\u00e7 Y.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-737X2011000600002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","volume-title":"Measurement of Intraocular Pressure in Healthy Sheep (Ovis aries) Using Rebound Tonometer","author":"Pereira F. Q.","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Comparison of Tear Production and Intraocular Pressure in Domestic and Wild Ruminants","volume":"22","author":"Di Pietro S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Large Animal Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","first-page":"208","article-title":"Intraocular Pressure Measurements in Cattle, Sheep and Goats With Two Different Tonometers","volume":"82","author":"Peche N.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejvs.2025.346019.2572"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.2451"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463\u20105224.2009.00717.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463\u20105224.2007.00548.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","first-page":"509","article-title":"Evaluation of Intraocular Pressure in Small Ruminants","volume":"11","author":"Tanwar M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ruminant Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","first-page":"210","article-title":"Evaluation of Schirmer Tear Test in Goats Affected With Ruminal Lactacidosis","volume":"9","author":"Sivaraman S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2022.106783"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life14081038"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.70159","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vop.70159","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.70159","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T03:58:26Z","timestamp":1774843106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.70159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.70159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.70159","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70159"}}