{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T05:26:31Z","timestamp":1774848391942,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To investigate retinal and systemic pathology associated with Iron Storage Disease (ISD) in a captive Baird's tapir (\n \n Tapirus bairdii<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Animal Studied<\/jats:title>\n \n A 14\u2010year\u2010old male intact Baird's tapir (\n \n Tapirus bairdii<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Procedures<\/jats:title>\n The tapir presented with acute disorientation, vision deficits, and neurologic signs. Ophthalmic examination revealed diminished menace response in both eyes (OU), and solitary well\u2010defined flat circular non\u2010pigmented areas in both fundi. Electroretinography was performed to assess retinal function, along with systemic imaging, blood and trace mineral analysis, and infectious disease testing. Post\u2010mortem necropsy and histopathology, including ocular tissue analysis and iron staining, were performed after the animal's condition deteriorated and it was euthanized.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Blood testing showed elevated serum iron (377\u2009\u03bcg\/dL; ref.: 48\u2013158\u2009\u03bcg\/dL) and markedly increased ferritin (31\u2009406\u2009ng\/mL; ref.: 500\u20135000\u2009ng\/mL). Electroretinography revealed attenuated waveforms OU. Ocular histopathology confirmed focal retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration and photoreceptor loss aligning with the non\u2010pigmented areas seen on fundic examination. Trace amounts of iron accumulation were found in RPE and vascular endothelial cells. Systemic pathology confirmed widespread hemosiderosis and hemochromatosis, including iron deposition in liver, spleen, marrow, and choroid plexus.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n This is the first veterinary report of naturally occurring ISD\u2010associated retinal pathology. These findings parallel those reported in human and laboratory animal models linking iron dysregulation to retinal degeneration. Results support a broader consideration of retinal screening in captive wildlife susceptible to ISD, particularly tapirs. Further research is warranted to establish reference values and preventive care for iron\u2010associated ocular disease in these species.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T15:59:22Z","timestamp":1772985562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Iron Storage Disease\u2010Associated Retinal Degeneration in a Baird's Tapir (\n \n Tapirus bairdii<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Shelley W.","family":"Cochran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eye Care for Animals Thrive Pet Healthcare Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lynsey","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gulf Coast Animal Eye Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Molter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Zoo Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Zoo Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (TVMDL) Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gillian C.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin Department of Pathobiological Science, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3933-8864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiano","family":"Montiani\u2010Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1 (UFPR) Curitiba Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6090-742X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bret A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030705"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.794809"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1638\/2011-0152.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","volume-title":"In: StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Porter J. 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